Extracted figure lettering and translations

Legible lettering has been transcribed from the original figures. Inconsistencies and illegible text are recorded separately.

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PDF 1 · Original p. —

Symbol of the Japan Association for Quaternary Research

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 1 · Original p. —

The Great Geological Section at Senbazaki, Izu-Oshima, showing alternating scoria beds of the Older Oshima Group.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 2 · Original p. —

Three photographs and captions: post-caldera tephras at Bibi; Kutcharo and Mashu tephras at Shari; involutions at Nakashunbetsu.

Original Japanese lettering

1. 石狩平野美々において、支笏テフラの上にのる後カルデラテフラ群。黄色のテフラが恵庭a、濃いオレンジ色のテフラが樽前d、その上位に樽前c、bがのる。本文WS-7-1参照。町田洋撮影。

2. 道東斜里における屈斜路および摩周火山のテフラ群。これらの中に阿蘇4テフラが保存されている。本文WS-9-4参照。奥村晃史撮影。

3. 根釧原野、中春別におけるテフラのインボリューション。最終氷期（酸素同位体ステージ2）に擾乱をうけたテフラとあまり受けなかった摩周1テフラとの対照が顕著。どれも摩周成層火山の噴出物。岩田修二撮影。

表紙写真：伊豆大島千波崎地層大切断面。古期大島層群のスコリア層。本文KT-47参照。新川和範撮影。

English translation

1. Post-caldera tephras overlying the Shikotsu tephra at Bibi on the Ishikari Plain. The yellow tephra is Eniwa-a, and the dark orange tephra is Tarumae-d; Tarumae-c and -b overlie them. See WS-7-1. Photograph: 町田洋 (Hiroshi Machida).

2. Tephras from Kutcharo and Mashu volcanoes at Shari in eastern Hokkaido. The Aso-4 tephra is preserved within this succession. See WS-9-4. Photograph: 奥村晃史 (Koji Okumura).

3. Tephra involutions at Nakashunbetsu on the Konsen Plain. There is a marked contrast between tephras disturbed during the last glacial period (oxygen isotope stage 2) and the Mashu-1 tephra, which was affected relatively little. All are products of Mashu stratovolcano. Photograph: 岩田修二 (Shuji Iwata).

Cover photograph: The Great Geological Section at Senbazaki, Izu-Oshima. Scoria beds of the Older Oshima Group. See KT-47. Photograph: 新川和範.

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PDF 3 · Original p. —

The Shimosueyoshi Formation and tephras at Chitose, Kawasaki, including thin white layers.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 3 · Original p. —

The Tama Loam exposed during construction of the Kawasaki interchange, with people indicating scale.

Original Japanese lettering

写真上部に札があるが、文字の一部は判読不明。

English translation

Signs appear near the top of the photograph; part of their lettering is illegible.

写真中の札の全字は低解像度のため確定できない。

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PDF 3 · Original p. —

Interbedded fallout tephra and soil between the Saigo and Ashino units of the Shirakawa pyroclastic-flow deposits.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 4 · Original p. —

Pumice fall and two pyroclastic-flow deposits of the Kikai-Akahoya eruption on Takeshima, with the Nagase deposit at the left edge.

Original Japanese lettering

右下に撮影日を示す数字がある。一部判読不明。

English translation

Numerals indicating a photographic date occur at lower right; some digits are illegible.

撮影日の年は確定せず。

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PDF 4 · Original p. —

Osumi pumice fall and the Ito pyroclastic-flow deposit on the Shibushi coast, with underlying tephras.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 4 · Original p. —

Sueyoshi stage I tephras of Higashiyama volcano, Hachijojima, with the white Aira-Tn ash layer on the left.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 5 · Original p. —

Excavation of a valley at the Sannai-Maruyama site, showing an Early Jomon embankment and pottery-bearing deposits.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 5 · Original p. —

The Atotsugawa fault in the upper Makawa valley: granite on the left, terrace gravel on the right, with observers in the foreground.

Original Japanese lettering

左下に撮影日を示す数字があるが、全桁は判読不明。

English translation

Numerals indicating a photographic date appear at lower left, but the complete date is illegible.

写真中の撮影日全桁は判読不明。

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PDF 5 · Original p. —

Tephra section at the Iwajuku site, with the white Haruna-Hassaki tephra intercalated near its base.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 16 · Original p. xi

Classification of tephra by grain size: blocks, lapilli, pumice, scoria, coarse and fine ash.

Original Japanese lettering

English translation

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PDF 16 · Original p. xi

Composite containing the classification of tephra by transport process and a map of Late Pleistocene widespread tephra distributions; a fragment of Table 1 remains at upper left.

Original Japanese lettering

図1. 日本とその周辺地域における更新世後期の代表的広域テフラの分布範囲（町田・新井、1992）。火山（星印）：Kc（屈斜路）、S（洞爺）、On（御岳）、D（大山）、Sb（三瓶）、Aso（阿蘇）、A（姶良）、Ata（阿多）、K（鬼界）、B（白頭山）、U（鬱陵）。

図中のテフラ略号：Aso-4、B-Tm、AT、K-Tz、Spfa-1、Kc-Sr、Kc-Hb、Toya、SK、K-Ah、U-Oki、DKP、On-Pm1。経度目盛：126°、130°、134°、138°、142°、146°E。緯度目盛：46°N、42°、38°、34°、30°、26°、22°。縮尺：0–500 km。

English translation

Figure 1. Distribution limits of representative Late Pleistocene widespread tephras in Japan and adjacent regions (Machida and Arai, 1992). Volcanoes (stars): Kc, Kutcharo; S, Toya; On, Ontake; D, Daisen; Sb, Sambe; Aso, Aso; A, Aira; Ata, Ata; K, Kikai; B, Baitoushan; U, Ulleung.

Tephra abbreviations in the map: Aso-4, B-Tm, AT, K-Tz, Spfa-1, Kc-Sr, Kc-Hb, Toya, SK, K-Ah, U-Oki, DKP, On-Pm1. Longitude ticks: 126°, 130°, 134°, 138°, 142°, 146°E. Latitude ticks: 46°N, 42°, 38°, 34°, 30°, 26°, 22°. Scale: 0–500 km.

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PDF 17 · Original p. xii

Table 3. Widespread tephras from giant eruptions in Japan and adjacent regions during the late Quaternary (approximately the past 130,000 years)

Original Japanese lettering

English translation

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PDF 18 · Original p. xiii

Table 4. Widespread tephras from giant eruptions in Japan during the middle and early Quaternary

Original Japanese lettering

表3・4の略記

• 年代測定法：C＝放射性炭素法；FT＝フィッショントラック法；KA＝カリウムアルゴン法；TL＝熱ルミネッセンス法；ST＝放射年代、生層序、地磁気層序などに基づく層位からの推定；U＝ウラン系列法；V＝年縞法。
• 噴火・堆積様式：噴火順に示した。pfa＝降下軽石；pfl＝火砕流堆積物；afa＝降下火山灰；pp＝水蒸気プリニアン火山灰；coign.＝大火砕流と同時の降下火山灰；afa·pfa＝交互に噴出したことを示す。
• 火山ガラス：pm＝軽石型ガラス；bw＝バブル型ガラス。数値nは屈折率。括弧内は少量含まれるもの。
• 斑晶：af＝アルカリ長石；am＝角閃石類；ho＝普通角閃石；cpx＝単斜輝石；opx＝斜方輝石；bi＝黒雲母；qt＝石英。括弧内は少量含まれるもの。数値は屈折率（afはn₁、opxはγ、hoはn₂の値を示す。測定者：新井房夫）。

English translation

Abbreviations for Tables 3 and 4

• Dating methods: C, radiocarbon; FT, fission track; KA, potassium–argon; TL, thermoluminescence; ST, age inferred from stratigraphic position based on radiometric ages, biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, etc.; U, uranium series; V, varve chronology.
• Eruption/deposition modes are listed in eruption order: pfa, pumice fall; pfl, pyroclastic-flow deposit; afa, ash fall; pp, phreatoplinian ash; coign., ash fall contemporaneous with a large pyroclastic flow; afa·pfa, alternating eruptions of the two types.
• Volcanic glass: pm, pumice-type glass; bw, bubble-type glass. Numerical n values are refractive indices. Parentheses indicate minor components.
• Phenocrysts: af, alkali feldspar; am, amphiboles; ho, hornblende; cpx, clinopyroxene; opx, orthopyroxene; bi, biotite; qt, quartz. Parentheses indicate minor components. Numerical values are refractive indices (n₁ for af, γ for opx, and n₂ for ho; measured by Fusao Arai).

Ng-1の対比欄、大磯［Tl1 58 up］ — 細い縦画が判別しづらく、Tl1の末尾は数字1/小文字lの可能性が残る。原図も併載し、符号の読みを確定していない。

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PDF 19 · Original p. xiv

Methods of tephra identification: stratigraphic position, age and facies, and textures, morphology, refractive indices and chemical compositions of rocks, glass and minerals.

Original Japanese lettering

English translation

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PDF 23 · Original p. 2

Stratigraphy of Baitoushan eruptive deposits with a 0–5m thickness scale

Original Japanese lettering

0m; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 E-6; E-5; E-4; E-3; E-2; E-1 — Yuanchi plinian fall C-pfl: Changbai pyroclstic flow B-pfa: Baegudu plinian fall A-dfl: Erdaobaihe debris flow soil; older tephra fall

English translation

0m; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 E-6; E-5; E-4; E-3; E-2; E-1 — Yuanchi plinian fall C-pfl: Changbai pyroclstic flow B-pfa: Baegudu plinian fall A-dfl: Erdaobaihe debris flow soil; older tephra fall

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PDF 24 · Original p. 3

Isopachs of fallout tephra and distributions of pyroclastic-flow, mudflow, and rock-avalanche deposits around Changbai Mountain

Original Japanese lettering

WS-1-1; N; 白頭山（長白山）; 圓池; 長白; 鴨緑江; 豆満江; B; >0; 100; 200; 1000; 1500; 2000; 0; 30km

English translation

WS-1-1; N; Baitoushan (Changbai Mountain); Yuanchi (圓池); Changbai; Yalu River; Tumen River; B; >0; 100; 200; 1000; 1500; 2000; 0; 30km

豆満江 — 地図の薄い河川名は低コントラストで一部不鮮明；読みは暫定。

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PDF 24 · Original p. 3

Two people examining large charred logs at an outcrop

Original Japanese lettering

図3 火砕流堆積物に埋まった材（大部分炭化している）

English translation

Figure 3. Wood buried in the pyroclastic-flow deposit (mostly charred).

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PDF 25 · Original p. 4

Outcrop indicated by an arrow in the eastern part of Tomakomai Port

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『苫小牧』（苫小牧5号）; ゴルフ場

English translation

1:50,000 “Tomakomai” map sheet (Tomakomai No. 5); golf course

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PDF 25 · Original p. 4

Thin Baitoushan–Tomakomai tephra within thick peat and Tarumae pumice layers

Original Japanese lettering

Ta-b; ←B-Tm; Ta-c

English translation

Ta-b; ←B-Tm; Ta-c

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PDF 26 · Original p. 5

Topographic map showing the wetland plant community and outcrop at Tashirotai

Original Japanese lettering

田代元湯; 田代平温泉; 八甲田温泉; 湿原植物群; 田代平; 駒川; 563; 596.1; 5万分の1『青森東部』（青森4号）

English translation

Tashiro Motoyu; Tashirotai hot spring; Hakkoda hot spring; wetland plant community; Tashirotai; Koma River (駒川); 563; 596.1; 1:50,000 “Aomori Tobu” (Aomori No. 4)

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PDF 26 · Original p. 5

Two volcanic-ash layers, B-Tm and To-a, separated by thin peat

Original Japanese lettering

←B-Tm; ←To-a

English translation

←B-Tm; ←To-a

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PDF 27 · Original p. 6

Topography of Takeshima and outcrop location near Funakura Port

Original Japanese lettering

図1; 2.5万分の1『薩摩竹島』（開聞岳12号-1）; 三島村; 竹島; 役場支所; ヘリポート; アビ山; オンボ崎; ウツン崎; 東風泊; クツ瀬; 71; 73; 89; 39; 133; 168; 203.1

English translation

Figure 1; 1:25,000 “Satsuma Takeshima” (Kaimondake No. 12-1); Mishima Village; Takeshima; village office branch; heliport; Abi-yama (アビ山); Onbo Point (オンボ崎); Utsun Point (ウツン崎); 東風泊 [reading uncertain]; Kutsu-se (クツ瀬); 71; 73; 89; 39; 133; 168; 203.1

島東北端の小地名 — 小さい文字が不鮮明で全字を確定できない。（未確定候補 / Unconfirmed candidate: [判読不明]崎，江鼻）

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PDF 28 · Original p. 7

Funakura pyroclastic-flow and Takeshima pyroclastic-flow deposits overlying Funakura pumice fall

Original Japanese lettering

図2; 竹島火砕流堆積物; 船倉火砕流堆積物; 船倉降下軽石

English translation

Figure 2; Takeshima pyroclastic-flow deposit; Funakura pyroclastic-flow deposit; Funakura pumice fall

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PDF 28 · Original p. 7

Outcrop where Takeshima pyroclastic flow unconformably overlies Funakura pumice fall and Funakura and Nagase pyroclastic flows

Original Japanese lettering

図3; 竹島火砕流堆積物; 長瀬火砕流堆積物; 船倉火砕流堆積物; 船倉降下軽石

English translation

Figure 3; Takeshima pyroclastic-flow deposit; Nagase pyroclastic-flow deposit; Funakura pyroclastic-flow deposit; Funakura pumice fall

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PDF 29 · Original p. 8

Outcrop location near Onejime at left and photograph of the stratigraphy of Kikai-Akahoya eruptive deposits at right

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『大根占』（開聞岳1号-4）; 城; 上宇都; 山添; 花之本; 浦; 久保; 41.5; 77.6; 83.6; 172; 鬼界アカホヤ火山灰; 火山豆石; 幸屋火砕流堆積物; 幸屋降下軽石

English translation

1:50,000 “Onejime” (Kaimondake No. 1-4); 城; 上宇都; 山添; Hananomoto (花之本); 浦; 久保 [small place-name readings unverified]; 41.5; 77.6; 83.6; 172; Kikai-Akahoya ash; accretionary lapilli; Koya pyroclastic-flow deposit; Koya pumice fall

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PDF 30 · Original p. 9

Topographic map near Minashiro showing the outcrop along the 鬼付女 River

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『佐土原』（延岡12号-2）; 三納代; 一丁田; 二丁田; 新町; 鬼付女; 一池; 下城島; 84; 4.90

English translation

1:25,000 “Sadowara” (Nobeoka No. 12-2); Minashiro (三納代); 一丁田; 二丁田; 新町; 鬼付女; 一池; 下城島 [place-name readings unverified]; 84; 4.90

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PDF 30 · Original p. 9

Thick outcrop of marine clay and sand with intercalated water-laid K-Ah

Original Japanese lettering

NW; N; 砂層; K-Ah; 海成粘土層; 1m; 1993年2月撮影

English translation

NW; N; sand layer; K-Ah; marine clay layer; 1m; photographed in February 1993

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PDF 31 · Original p. 10

Topographic map showing the Nakamura River outcrop beneath the Shinkansen bridge

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『小田原北部』（横須賀13号-1）; 東海道; 小田原厚木道路; 中村川; 山西; 小船; 二宮; 山神社; 32.11; 85.9; 76; 20; 73.1

English translation

1:25,000 “Odawara Hokubu” (Yokosuka No. 13-1); Tokaido; Odawara–Atsugi Road; Nakamura River; Yamanishi; Obune; Ninomiya; mountain shrine (山神社); 32.11; 85.9; 76; 20; 73.1

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PDF 31 · Original p. 10

Stratigraphic column from 13.8 to 25.5m elevation showing K-Ah and four radiocarbon dates

Original Japanese lettering

25.5m; 20; 15; 13.8; 弥生式土器; K-Ah; y.B.P.; 6250±150 w; 7340±230 s; 7410±190 s; 7750±270 w; ローム; テフラ; 砂礫層; シルト; 腐植; 材; 貝化石; サンドパイプ

English translation

25.5m; 20; 15; 13.8; Yayoi pottery; K-Ah; y.B.P.; 6250±150 w; 7340±230 s; 7410±190 s; 7750±270 w; loam; tephra; sand and gravel layer; silt; humus; wood; molluscan fossils; sand pipes

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PDF 31 · Original p. 10

Geological section of marine strata and uplifted terraces along the Nakamura River

Original Japanese lettering

M; 30; 20; 10; 0; -10; 東海道線; 川勾; 中村原; 新幹線; 小船; 小田原・厚木バイパス; 小竹; 0; 500m; 中村川沿いの地質断面図（遠藤ほか，1979）

English translation

M; 30; 20; 10; 0; -10; Tokaido railway; Kawawa (川勾); Nakamurahara; Shinkansen; Obune; Odawara–Atsugi bypass; Odake (小竹); 0; 500m; geological section along the Nakamura River (遠藤ほか, 1979)

断面内の斜体地層略号 — 小さく低解像度で一部の文字を確定できない。（未確定候補 / Unconfirmed candidate: [判読不明]）

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PDF 32 · Original p. 11

Location of the 喜子川 archaeological-site outcrop near Tomori

Original Japanese lettering

崎原; 土盛; 38; 2.5万分の1『赤木名』（奄美大島6号-1）

English translation

Sakibaru (崎原); Tomori; 38; 1:25,000 “Akakina” (Amami Oshima No. 6-1)

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PDF 32 · Original p. 11

Excavated exposure of K-Ah and the maji layer below artifact-bearing sand

Original Japanese lettering

砂層（遺物包含）; K-Ah; マージ層

English translation

sand layer (artifact-bearing); K-Ah; maji layer

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PDF 33 · Original p. 12

Outcrop identifiers and U-2 isopachs and grain-size isopleths on Ulleung Island

Original Japanese lettering

Cheonbu-dong; Pyongri; Hyangnamu-dong; Al-bong; Nari-kol; Seongin-bong; Sokpo-dong; Chuk-do; Jeo-dong; To-dong; 82.7-10; 82.7-5; 81.8-12; 82.7-2; 82.7-1; 83.10-4; 81.8-11; 300; 100; 10; 20; 0; 5km

English translation

Cheonbu-dong; Pyongri; Hyangnamu-dong; Al-bong; Nari-kol; Seongin-bong; Sokpo-dong; Chuk-do; Jeo-dong; To-dong; 82.7-10; 82.7-5; 81.8-12; 82.7-2; 82.7-1; 83.10-4; 81.8-11; 300; 100; 10; 20; 0; 5km

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PDF 34 · Original p. 13

Stratigraphic correlation of seven Ulleung tephras with K-Ah and AT

Original Japanese lettering

WS-3-1; 82.7-10; 82.7-5; 81.8-12; 81.8-11; 83.10-4; 82.7-2; 82.7-1; U-1; U-2; U-3; U-4; U-5; U-6; U-7; K-Ah; AT; ?; 0; 3m; 20m; 3m; 4m; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10

English translation

WS-3-1; 82.7-10; 82.7-5; 81.8-12; 81.8-11; 83.10-4; 82.7-2; 82.7-1; U-1; U-2; U-3; U-4; U-5; U-6; U-7; K-Ah; AT; ?; 0; 3m; 20m; 3m; 4m; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10

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PDF 34 · Original p. 13

Researchers examining an outcrop containing U-2 and U-3

Original Japanese lettering

U-2; U-3

English translation

U-2; U-3

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PDF 35 · Original p. 14

Location of the Torihama Shell Midden and stratigraphic relationships of U-Oki, K-Ah, and Jomon pottery

Original Japanese lettering

図1; 2.5万分の1『三方』（宮津3号-2）; 鳥浜; 三方; 三島; 北前川; 小浜線; 2; 9 cm; 0; 50; 100; K-Ah glass; ○ sample; sand & gravel; shell bed; silt; U-Oki; K; D; n.a.; H; O; I.J. K，北白川下層Ⅱ式土器；D，丸木舟；n.a.，無遺物；H，羽島下層Ⅱ式土器；O，押型文土器；I.J.，縄文草創期土器 左柱状図：上から－，－，－，－，－，－，－，－（8点） 右柱状図：上から＋，＋，＋，＋，＋，＋＋，＋＋，＋＋＋，＋＋，＋＋＋＋，＋＋＋＋（11点）

English translation

Figure 1; 1:25,000 “Mikata” (Miyazu No. 3-2); Torihama; Mikata; Mishima; 北前川 [reading unverified]; Obama railway; 2; 9 cm; 0; 50; 100; K-Ah glass; ○ sample; sand & gravel; shell bed; silt; U-Oki; K; D; n.a.; H; O; I.J. K, Kitashirakawa Lower II-type pottery; D, dugout canoe; n.a., no artifacts; H, Hashima Lower II-type pottery; O, impressed-pattern pottery; I.J., Incipient Jomon pottery Left column, top downward: −, −, −, −, −, −, −, − (8 points). Right column, top downward: +, +, +, +, +, ++, ++, +++, ++, ++++, ++++ (11 points).

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PDF 36 · Original p. 15

Thin U-Oki ash layer in an excavation wall

Original Japanese lettering

←U-Oki; 9 30

English translation

←U-Oki; 9 30

写真右下の日付 — 左側の年・月部分は不鮮明で読み切れない。

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PDF 36 · Original p. 15

Column with a 0–200cm scale showing K-Ah, sand, clay, mud, U-Oki, and Jomon pottery

Original Japanese lettering

0cm; 100; 200; K-Ah; 粘土; 砂層; 押型文土器; 泥層; U-Oki; 縄文草創期土器

English translation

0cm; 100; 200; K-Ah; clay; sand layer; impressed-pattern pottery; mud layer; U-Oki; Incipient Jomon pottery

p36_42.png

PDF 36 · Original p. 15

Correlation of four Lake Suigetsu cores with depths, tephras, varves, and tentative climatic horizons

Original Japanese lettering

SGP2; SGP3; SGP4; SGB; Core Depth and Core Name of SGB K-Ah; U-Oki; Sakate; hiatus; ?; Younger Dryas?; Older Dryas?; Last Glacial Maximum?; 1m SG11: 8.95m–9.97m; SG12: 9.97m–10.45m; SG13: 10.45m–11.33m; SG14: 11.33m–12.25m; SG15: 12.25m–13.17m; SG16: 13.17m–14.08m; SG17: 14.08m–14.98m; SG18: 14.98m–15.89m; SG19: 15.89m–16.80m; SG20: 16.80m–17.71m; SG21: 17.71m–18.60m; SG22: 18.60m–19.39m tephra layer; upward fining silt layer; silty clay layer; mudflow layer including organic debris; organic debris; non-recovery horizons; siderite-rich varve horizon; joint positions of core sampler

English translation

SGP2; SGP3; SGP4; SGB; Core Depth and Core Name of SGB K-Ah; U-Oki; Sakate; hiatus; ?; Younger Dryas?; Older Dryas?; Last Glacial Maximum?; 1m SG11: 8.95m–9.97m; SG12: 9.97m–10.45m; SG13: 10.45m–11.33m; SG14: 11.33m–12.25m; SG15: 12.25m–13.17m; SG16: 13.17m–14.08m; SG17: 14.08m–14.98m; SG18: 14.98m–15.89m; SG19: 15.89m–16.80m; SG20: 16.80m–17.71m; SG21: 17.71m–18.60m; SG22: 18.60m–19.39m tephra layer; upward fining silt layer; silty clay layer; mudflow layer including organic debris; organic debris; non-recovery horizons; siderite-rich varve horizon; joint positions of core sampler

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PDF 37 · Original p. 16

Outcrop locations southwest and north of Ninokura Dam

Original Japanese lettering

図1; 5万分の1『田子』（八戸14号-2）; 二ノ倉ダム; 羽井内; 迷川; 590; 398; 340.0; 375.1; 371.2; 502.9; 517.3; 468

English translation

Figure 1; 1:50,000 “Takko” (Hachinohe No. 14-2); Ninokura Dam; 羽井内; 迷川 [readings unverified]; 590; 398; 340.0; 375.1; 371.2; 502.9; 517.3; 468

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PDF 38 · Original p. 17

Valley-filling To-Of and To-H and their immediately underlying To-BP1 and To-HP layers

Original Japanese lettering

To-H; To-HP; To-Of; To-BP1

English translation

To-H; To-HP; To-Of; To-BP1

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PDF 38 · Original p. 17

Stratified exposure of curved To-Nk, To-Nb, and To-Cu layers overlying To-H

Original Japanese lettering

To-Cu; To-Nb; To-Nk; To-H

English translation

To-Cu; To-Nb; To-Nk; To-H

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PDF 39 · Original p. 18

Outcrop location in the sea cliff east of Shibushi Port

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『志布志』（宮崎16号）; 田畦敷; 大性院; 帖; 宇都; 西谷; 沢目; 若宮; 宝満; 志布志屋敷; 天神; 向川原; 有明; 関屋; 小西; 大黒; 新町; 内田; 59.6; 66.8; 36.6; 50.4; 9.9

English translation

1:50,000 “Shibushi” (Miyazaki No. 16); 田畦敷; 大性院; 帖; 宇都; 西谷; 沢目; 若宮; 宝満; 志布志屋敷; 天神; 向川原; 有明; 関屋; 小西; 大黒; 新町; 内田 [local place-name readings unverified]; 59.6; 66.8; 36.6; 50.4; 9.9

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PDF 39 · Original p. 18

Sea cliff of thick A-Ito overlying stratified A-Os

Original Japanese lettering

図2; A-Ito; A-Os

English translation

Figure 2; A-Ito; A-Os

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PDF 40 · Original p. 19

A-Os isopachs and distributions of Ito and Tsumaya pyroclastic flows in southern Kyushu

Original Japanese lettering

6cm; 12; 25; 50; 100; 200; 400; 400; 800; >0; 鹿児島; 桜島; 宮崎; 32°; 31°; 131°; 0; 30km

English translation

6cm; 12; 25; 50; 100; 200; 400; 400; 800; >0; Kagoshima; Sakurajima; Miyazaki; 32°; 31°; 131°; 0; 30km

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PDF 40 · Original p. 19

Outcrop of K-Tz, A-Fk, A-Iw, and A-Os above Ata welded tuff

Original Japanese lettering

図4; A-Os; A-Iw; A-Fk; K-Tz; Ata

English translation

Figure 4; A-Os; A-Iw; A-Fk; K-Tz; Ata

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PDF 41 · Original p. 20

Outcrop location near Ogawa at the Kochi–Ehime prefectural boundary

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『宿毛』（宇和島7号）; 小川; 野地; 東台地; 草木藪; 63; 62.12; 38.0; 25; 302.8

English translation

1:50,000 “Sukumo” (Uwajima No. 7); Ogawa; 野地; 東台地; 草木藪 [readings unverified]; 63; 62.12; 38.0; 25; 302.8

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PDF 41 · Original p. 20

Schematic outcrop section of K-Ah and AT separated by talus

Original Japanese lettering

K-Ah; AT; 1m; P

English translation

K-Ah; AT; 1m; P

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PDF 42 · Original p. 21

Outcrop location on the left bank of the Sakawa River at Oguchi Bridge

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『山北』（東京16号-4）; 行沢; 班目; 75; 110

English translation

1:25,000 “Yamakita” (Tokyo No. 16-4); 行沢; 班目 [readings unverified]; 75; 110

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PDF 42 · Original p. 21

Schematic section of Older Fuji tephra containing AT above Hakone pyroclastic flow, with Gotemba mudflow at the top

Original Japanese lettering

御殿場泥流堆積物（Go-mf）; 大口橋; 古期富士テフラ（立川ローム）; AT; 箱根新期火砕流堆積物（TPfl）; 酒匂川河床; 5m

English translation

Gotemba mudflow deposit (Go-mf); Oguchi Bridge; Older Fuji tephra (Tachikawa Loam); AT; Hakone younger pyroclastic-flow deposit (TPfl); Sakawa River bed; 5m

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PDF 43 · Original p. 22

Location of site A near Nogawa Bridge

Original Japanese lettering

図1; 2.5万分の1『溝口』（東京7号-3）

English translation

Figure 1; 1:25,000 “Mizonokuchi” (Tokyo No. 7-3)

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PDF 43 · Original p. 22

Correlation of stratigraphic columns and pollen zones at sites A and B using AT

Original Japanese lettering

B：茨城県土浦市下大島; m; 0; 1; 2; AT; 時期：Ⅲ，Ⅱ，Ⅰ; 0，50，100% A：東京都調布市入間; m; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; AT; 花粉帯・時期：CFI-Ⅳ—4，CFI-Ⅲ—3，CFI-Ⅱ—2，CFI-Ⅰ—1; 0，50，100% 柱状図：スコリア，火山ガラス・軽石，腐植土，褐色ローム，粘土，泥炭質堆積物，砂，礫，凝灰質シルト 花粉ダイアグラム：モミ属とツガ属，トウヒ属，マツ属，カラマツ属かトガサワラ属，コナラ属コナラ亜属，ハンノキ属，カバノキ属，その他の木本花粉

English translation

B: Shimo-oshima, Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture; m; 0; 1; 2; AT; phases: III, II, I; 0, 50, 100% A: Irima, Chofu City, Tokyo; m; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; AT; pollen zones and phases: CFI-IV—4, CFI-III—3, CFI-II—2, CFI-I—1; 0, 50, 100% Stratigraphic column: scoria; volcanic glass and pumice; humic soil; brown loam; clay; peaty deposits; sand; gravel; tuffaceous silt Pollen diagram: Abies and Tsuga; Picea; Pinus; Larix or Pseudotsuga; Quercus subgenus Quercus; Alnus; Betula; other woody pollen

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PDF 44 · Original p. 23

Abundances of diatom groups and valve numbers per gram of dry sediment before and after AT

Original Japanese lettering

Eunotia; Pinnularia; Navicula contenta; Hantzschia amphioxys; Cymbella; Achnanthes lanceolata; Melosira ambigua; Cyclotella; Valve number per 1g of dry sediment; 0; 10; 10³; 10⁵; 10⁸; cm; 0; 5; AT; Peat; Tephra; 0; 10⁵; 10⁶; 10⁷ valve no./g

English translation

Eunotia; Pinnularia; Navicula contenta; Hantzschia amphioxys; Cymbella; Achnanthes lanceolata; Melosira ambigua; Cyclotella; Valve number per 1g of dry sediment; 0; 10; 10³; 10⁵; 10⁸; cm; 0; 5; AT; Peat; Tephra; 0; 10⁵; 10⁶; 10⁷ valve no./g

p44_57.png

PDF 44 · Original p. 23

AT fallout at 24,000 years B.P. and changes in upland and valley-floor plant communities

Original Japanese lettering

10⁴ y.B.P.; 台地; 谷底; 2.2; 2.4; AT バラモミ節・チョウセンゴヨウ・カラマツ・モミ属・ツガ属からなる冷温帯針葉樹林 イネ科やワレモコウ属の群落; チョウセンゴヨウ林; シナノキ属林; コナラ亜属林; カヤツリグサ科湿地; ハンノキ湿地林

English translation

10⁴ y.B.P.; upland; valley floor; 2.2; 2.4; AT Cool-temperate coniferous forest comprising Baramomi-section spruce (バラモミ節), Korean pine, larch, Abies, and Tsuga. Communities of Poaceae and Sanguisorba; Korean-pine forest; Tilia forest; Quercus-subgenus forest; Cyperaceae wetland; Alnus wetland forest.

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PDF 45 · Original p. 24

Quarry outcrop location northeast of Shoro Station

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『白糠』（釧路15号）; 根室本線; 庶路; 65; 54

English translation

1:50,000 “Shiranuka” (Kushiro No. 15); Nemuro Main Line; Shoro; 65; 54

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PDF 45 · Original p. 24

Section of Kc-4, Aso-4, Kt-8, Spfa-1, and Kc-Sr above the Otanoshike Formation

Original Japanese lettering

Kc-Sr; Spfa-1; Kt-8; Aso-4; Kc-4(pfl); 炭化材; 大楽毛層; 基盤; 5m

English translation

Kc-Sr; Spfa-1; Kt-8; Aso-4; Kc-4(pfl); charred wood; Otanoshike Formation; basement; 5m

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PDF 46 · Original p. 25

Two reference outcrops west and east of Koshimizu Town

Original Japanese lettering

Loc.1; Loc.2; 小清水; 南九号; 南十一号; 54; 65; 5万分の1『小清水』（斜里9号）; 5万分の1『斜里』（斜里5号）

English translation

Loc.1; Loc.2; Koshimizu; Minami 9-go; Minami 11-go; 54; 65; 1:50,000 “Koshimizu” (Shari No. 9); 1:50,000 “Shari” (Shari No. 5)

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PDF 46 · Original p. 25

Valley filling by KP I–KSr and repeated ash, pumice, and accretionary-lapilli layers

Original Japanese lettering

Loc.1: 2m; 0; Kpfa-2; Kpfa-3; KPII/III; Aso-4; Kpfa-4; Kpfa-5; KPIV; KP I-KSr; massive pyroclastic flow; ash and accretionary lapilli; coarse pumice clasts; massive pyroclastic flow; alternation of ash and pumice falls. Loc.2: 2m; 0; Yambetsu Pfa; ash and pumice dune; ash and accretionary lapilli; coarse pumice clasts; massive pyroclastic flow; KP I-KSr. Loc.1（小清水市街西方）のKPⅠ-KSr基底部；Loc.2（小清水南11号8–9線）のKPⅠ-KSr最上部

English translation

Loc.1: 2m; 0; Kpfa-2; Kpfa-3; KPII/III; Aso-4; Kpfa-4; Kpfa-5; KPIV; KP I-KSr; massive pyroclastic flow; ash and accretionary lapilli; coarse pumice clasts; massive pyroclastic flow; alternation of ash and pumice falls. Loc.2: 2m; 0; Yambetsu Pfa; ash and pumice dune; ash and accretionary lapilli; coarse pumice clasts; massive pyroclastic flow; KP I-KSr. Basal KP I–KSr at Loc. 1 west of central Koshimizu; uppermost KP I–KSr at Loc. 2, Koshimizu Minami 11-go, 8–9-sen.

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PDF 47 · Original p. 26

Location of the Bibi outcrop southeast of Chitose

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『千歳』（札幌8号）; 美々; 美々川; 御前水; 富岡; 千歳線; 22.60; 22.7; 3.76; 7.80; 26.5

English translation

1:50,000 “Chitose” (Sapporo No. 8); Bibi; Bibi River; Gozen-sui (御前水); Tomioka; Chitose railway; 22.60; 22.7; 3.76; 7.80; 26.5

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PDF 48 · Original p. 27

En-a and Tarumae tephras above thick Spfa-1 and Spfl, with the B-Tm horizon

Original Japanese lettering

Ta-a,b; Ta-c; Ta-d; En-a (>1m); Spfl (7–8m); Spfa-1 (>6m); 20cm; Ta-a; Ta-b; B-Tm; Ta-c

English translation

Ta-a,b; Ta-c; Ta-d; En-a (>1m); Spfl (7–8m); Spfa-1 (>6m); 20cm; Ta-a; Ta-b; B-Tm; Ta-c

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PDF 48 · Original p. 27

Cliff on factory premises with stratified tephras above thick Shikotsu-1 pumice and pyroclastic flow

Original Japanese lettering

Ta-a,b; Ta-c; Ta-d; En-a; Spfl; Spfa-1; 鈴木正章撮影

English translation

Ta-a,b; Ta-c; Ta-d; En-a; Spfl; Spfa-1; photograph by 鈴木正章

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PDF 49 · Original p. 28

Roadside outcrop location at Sakae 8-go, 2-sen

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『上帯広』（帯広16号-3）; 八号; 九号; 127; 123; 131; 134; 142

English translation

1:25,000 “Kamiobihiro” (Obihiro No. 16-3); 8-go; 9-go; 127; 123; 131; 134; 142

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PDF 49 · Original p. 28

Spfa-1, En-a, and Ta-d above terrace gravel, with irregular deformation in Spfa-1

Original Japanese lettering

Ta-d; En-a; Spfa-1; Terrace gravel; m; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40; 45; a; a′; ?

English translation

Ta-d; En-a; Spfa-1; Terrace gravel; m; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40; 45; a; a′; ?

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PDF 50 · Original p. 29

Topographic map locating the exposure near Shuen with an arrow.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『斜里』（斜里5号）；5万分の1『峰浜』（斜里1号）。朱円西，朱円，朱円東，ストーンサークル，幹線，道六号，東一線，東二線。可読数値：33.4，34.7，32，19.8。

English translation

1:50,000 Shari (Shari sheet 5); 1:50,000 Minehama (Shari sheet 1). Shuen West; Shuen; Shuen East; stone circle; trunk line; Road No. 6; East Line 1; East Line 2. Legible numerical labels: 33.4, 34.7, 32, 19.8.

地図内の微細な文字と数値 — 一部は解像度が低く確実に読めない。

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PDF 50 · Original p. 29

Exposure showing deformed Spfa-1 beneath ash and pumice beds.

Original Japanese lettering

KPI afa/pfa；Spfa-1；Yambetsu Pfa；（新井房夫氏撮影）。

English translation

KPI afa/pfa; Spfa-1; Yambetsu Pfa. Photograph by Fusao Arai.

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PDF 50 · Original p. 29

Stratigraphic column and lithologic legend spanning Yambetsu pumice fall and deformed Spfa-1.

Original Japanese lettering

凡例：表土，軽石，火山灰，風成砂，火山灰土。上から：止別降下軽石；KP Iの風成二次堆積物；KP-I噴火初期の降下火山灰／軽石互層；Spfa-1。スケール：2m，0。

English translation

Legend: topsoil; pumice; ash; aeolian sand; volcanic-ash soil. From top: Yambetsu pumice fall; secondary aeolian deposits of KP I; alternating ash and pumice falls from the early KP-I eruption; Spfa-1. Scale: 2 m, 0.

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PDF 51 · Original p. 30

Topographic map locating the Daisen Pond exposure.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『泰久寺』（松江4号-2）。大山池，泰久寺，倉吉線，歩道，大明神。233。

English translation

1:25,000 Taikyuji (Matsue sheet 4-2). Daisen Pond; Taikyuji; Kurayoshi railway line; footpath; Daimyojin (大明神). 233.

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PDF 51 · Original p. 30

Three thick pumice beds exposed on the slope at Daisen Pond.

Original Japanese lettering

DKP；DSP；DNP。

English translation

DKP; DSP; DNP.

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PDF 51 · Original p. 30

Depth-scaled tephra stratigraphy at Daisen Pond.

Original Japanese lettering

大山池のテフラ柱状図。深度：0，5，10 m。上から：DHg，DSs，AT，DKP，DSP，DNP，SK，DHP，DMP。

English translation

Tephra stratigraphic column at Daisen Pond. Depth: 0, 5, 10 m. From top: DHg, DSs, AT, DKP, DSP, DNP, SK, DHP, DMP.

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PDF 52 · Original p. 31

Topographic map along the Joganji River showing the two sites at 天林 and Chigaki.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『五百石』（高山9号）。地点1，2。東中野，新，天林，新村，横江，岡田，尖山，千垣，座主坊。可読標高等：434，559.4，860，263，284.2。

English translation

1:50,000 Gohyakukoku (Takayama sheet 9). Sites 1 and 2. Map place labels: 東中野, 新, 天林, 新村, 横江, 岡田, 尖山, Chigaki (千垣), 座主坊. Legible elevations and other numbers: 434, 559.4, 860, 263, 284.2.

地図内の天林付近の標高と微細な注記 — 小さく不鮮明で確定できない。

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PDF 52 · Original p. 31

Photographs of DKP on the Uwadann terrace (left) and white AT within sand and silt (right).

Original Japanese lettering

DKP→；天林の上段礫層上にのるDKP；千垣の砂シルト層（粟巣野段丘上）中に挟まれるAT。

English translation

DKP →; DKP resting on the Uwadann gravel bed at 天林; AT interbedded in sand and silt at Chigaki, on the Awasuno terrace.

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PDF 53 · Original p. 32

Composite of the exposure at 房中, a location map, and a close-up of DKP and Hk-TP.

Original Japanese lettering

全景：NW，N，NE；拡大部分；火山灰土；砂層；1996年6月撮影。接写：DKP，Hk-TP。位置図：2.5万分の1『木原』（水戸12号-4）；房中，八田；可読数値24.3，25.2，33.3，23.5。画像左上の本文断片は本文欄に収録済み。

English translation

Overview: NW, N, NE; enlarged area; volcanic-ash soil; sand bed; photographed June 1996. Close-up: DKP, Hk-TP. Map: 1:25,000 Kihara (Mito sheet 12-4); 房中, 八田. Legible numbers: 24.3, 25.2, 33.3, 23.5. The cropped prose at upper left is included in the main text.

地形図の小さな文字・数値 — 不鮮明な箇所は読取りを確定できない。

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PDF 54 · Original p. 33

Location map of the roadside Aso-4 exposure south of Nagayu.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『朝地』（大分10号-2）。長湯，栃原，国民宿舎，田原。可読数値：523，587.3，684。

English translation

1:25,000 Asaji (Oita sheet 10-2). Nagayu; 栃原; public lodge; 田原. Legible numbers: 523, 587.3, 684.

地図内の微細な標高・地名 — 一部が不鮮明で確実には読めない。

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PDF 54 · Original p. 33

Flattened pumice protrudes from a weathered surface of weakly welded tuff; a hammer lies at lower right.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 55 · Original p. 34

Two maps showing the route to Takano Formation exposures and numbered exposures along the river.

Original Japanese lettering

図1。露頭のルート。2.5万分の1『稲荷山』（長野13号-4）。信更町，高野，島仁田，郷津，平条，日影。数値846，828，796，752，832。図2 露頭詳細位置図　木村(1987a)を一部改変。常安寺，高野，日影，島仁田，高野川，郷津。地点HB-1，TA-01，02，03，04，05，06，07，08，09，10，11，12，13，14，15，16，17，18，SG-1。等高線800m，750m。座標138°02′10″，36°32′40″。距離0～200m。画像左上の文献行は本文に収録済み。

English translation

Figure 1. Route to the exposures. 1:25,000 Inariyama (Nagano sheet 13-4). Shinko Town; Takano; 島仁田; 郷津; 平条; Hikage. Numbers: 846, 828, 796, 752, 832. Figure 2. Detailed exposure-location map, modified from Kimura (1987a). 常安寺; Takano; Hikage; 島仁田; Takano River; 郷津. Sites: HB-1, TA-01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, SG-1. Contours: 800 m, 750 m. Coordinates: 138°02′10″, 36°32′40″. Distance: 0–200 m. The reference line at upper left is included in the main text.

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PDF 56 · Original p. 35

Correlation of stratigraphic columns from 18 exposures, with member divisions of the Takano Formation.

Original Japanese lettering

露頭番号：1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10，11，12，13，14，15，16，17，18。スケール：0，5m。凡例：シルト，砂，礫，泥炭，泥炭質；火山灰：細粒，粗粒，軽石，ラピリ，スコリア。相関ラベル：AT，OL.S.，DKP，Tt-E，Tt-D，basic ash，On-Ng，On-Kt，Aso-4，K-Tz，On-Pm1，Aso-3，Sy Pm。部層（上から）：最上部層，上部層，中部層，下部層。相関線は各列間の同一層準を結び、一部は点線。

English translation

Exposure numbers: 1–18. Scale: 0, 5 m. Legend: silt; sand; gravel; peat; peaty sediment. Volcanic-ash symbols: fine-grained; coarse-grained; pumice; lapilli; scoria. Correlation labels: AT, OL.S., DKP, Tt-E, Tt-D, basic ash, On-Ng, On-Kt, Aso-4, K-Tz, On-Pm1, Aso-3, Sy Pm. Members, from top: uppermost; upper; middle; lower. Correlation lines link equivalent horizons between columns; some are dotted.

p56_80.png

PDF 56 · Original p. 35

Geological map of the four Takano Formation members, with faults, flexure, sites, and section lines.

Original Japanese lettering

方位N。断面線A–A′，B–B′。高野川断層 Fault；軽井沢撓曲 flexure；高野川。常安寺，高野，高野小学校，日影，島仁田，郷津。測点E-1，E-2，E-3，E-4。地層凡例：沖積層；最上部層(K N)，上部層(OL.S.)(S G)，中部層，下部層(Sy Pm)〔以上高野層〕；千石層(CA 3)；灰原層(M F)；第三紀火山岩類；断層；撓曲。KEY BEDS。距離0～200m。座標138°02′40″E，36°32′20″N。可読の走向傾斜等数値：2，4，5，7，8，10，12，14，15，16，18，20。

English translation

North arrow: N. Section lines: A–A′, B–B′. Takanogawa Fault; Karuizawa Flexure; Takano River. Place labels: 常安寺; Takano; Takano Elementary School; Hikage; 島仁田; 郷津. Survey points: E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4. Geological legend: alluvium; uppermost member (K N), upper member (OL.S.) (S G), middle member, lower member (Sy Pm), collectively the Takano Formation; 千石 Formation (CA 3); 灰原 Formation (M F); Tertiary volcanic rocks; fault; flexure. KEY BEDS. Distance: 0–200 m. Coordinates: 138°02′40″E, 36°32′20″N. Legible strike-and-dip and other numbers: 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20.

地図の微細な数値とKEY BEDSの略記 — 多くが小さく、一部は数字・文字の区切りを確定できない。可読形を保持。

p57_81.png

PDF 57 · Original p. 36

Topographic map indicating the exposure group in upper Nishizawa north of Ikido.

Original Japanese lettering

図1。2.5万分の1『山北』・『駿河小山』（東京16号-4・甲府4号-2）。生土，小山町，中島滝，落合，三淵，小山，川。富士紡工場（かねがふち）。可読標高・数値：449.1，416，407，293，379.2，350，246，300，370。

English translation

Figure 1. 1:25,000 Yamakita and Suruga-Oyama (Tokyo sheet 16-4; Kofu sheet 4-2). Ikido; Oyama Town; Nakajima Falls; Ochiai; 三淵; Oyama; river. Fuji spinning factory (Kanegafuchi). Legible elevations and other numbers: 449.1, 416, 407, 293, 379.2, 350, 246, 300, 370.

富士紡工場の括弧内文字と地図の微細な注記 — 括弧内は「かねがふち」と読めるが解像度が低く、他の小文字も一部は確定不能。

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PDF 58 · Original p. 37

Stratigraphic column tying together four upper Nishizawa sites and showing widespread tephra positions and spacing.

Original Japanese lettering

上からF-YP，Hk-OP，DNP，Aso-4，On-In，K-Tz，On-Pm1，P-A，Aso-3，P-B。地点A，B，D，C。層位間隔：DNPからAso-4まで5m；Aso-4から下の指示層準まで4m。左のスケール0～5m。

English translation

From top: F-YP, Hk-OP, DNP, Aso-4, On-In, K-Tz, On-Pm1, P-A, Aso-3, P-B. Sites: A, B, D, C. Stratigraphic intervals: DNP to Aso-4, 5 m; Aso-4 to the indicated lower horizon, 4 m. Scale at left: 0–5 m.

p58_83.png

PDF 58 · Original p. 37

Route map showing observation sites A–D along the stream and forest road.

Original Japanese lettering

地点A，B，C，D；500；425.4；100m。

English translation

Sites A, B, C, D; 500; 425.4; 100 m.

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PDF 58 · Original p. 37

Exposure photograph with an arrow marking pale Aso-4 ash near the slope base and a person at right.

Original Japanese lettering

←Aso-4。

English translation

← Aso-4.

p59_85.png

PDF 59 · Original p. 38

Topographic map showing site 1 and the lost site 2 near Kawakami Bridge.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『斜里』（斜里5号）。地点1，2。川上，斜里，斜里川，羅萌，来運，水無沢。可読数値45.8，52。

English translation

1:50,000 Shari (Shari sheet 5). Sites 1, 2. Kawakami; Shari; Shari River; 羅萌; Raiun; 水無沢. Legible numbers: 45.8, 52.

地図内の微細な地名 — 一部は解像度が低い。

p59_86.png

PDF 59 · Original p. 38

Stratigraphic column from Kutcharo IV to Yambetsu pumice, showing equivalences among several naming schemes.

Original Japanese lettering

スケール0～5m。上から：止別軽石²⁾；KP I-KSr―K.P. flow I¹⁾ Kc-1⁴⁾；Spfa-1；清里軽石-2³⁾；清里軽石-1³⁾；Tricolor―三色火山灰³⁾；岩片Pm³⁾；Big Pm³⁾；KP II/III；Aso-4；錦軽石-5³⁾；Toya；錦軽石-3³⁾；Kpfa-4¹⁾―錦軽石-2³⁾；Kpfa-5¹⁾―錦軽石-1³⁾；KP IV―K.S. flow¹⁾ Kc-4⁴⁾。出典：1)勝井・佐藤(1963)，2)佐藤(1968)，3)隅田(1988)，4)町田・新井(1992)，他は奥村ほか(1985)，奥村(1991)。

English translation

Scale: 0–5 m. From top: Yambetsu pumice²⁾; KP I-KSr—K.P. flow I¹⁾, Kc-1⁴⁾; Spfa-1; Kiyosato pumice 2³⁾; Kiyosato pumice 1³⁾; Tricolor—three-color ash³⁾; lithic Pm³⁾; Big Pm³⁾; KP II/III; Aso-4; Nishiki pumice 5³⁾; Toya; Nishiki pumice 3³⁾; Kpfa-4¹⁾—Nishiki pumice 2³⁾; Kpfa-5¹⁾—Nishiki pumice 1³⁾; KP IV—K.S. flow¹⁾, Kc-4⁴⁾. Sources: 1) Katsui and Sato (1963); 2) Sato (1968); 3) Sumita (1988); 4) Machida and Arai (1992); others from Okumura et al. (1985) and Okumura (1991).

p60_87.png

PDF 60 · Original p. 39

Kutcharo tephras exposed in a large excavated face, with a bulldozer at lower right.

Original Japanese lettering

KP I-KSr；KP II/III；KP IV。

English translation

KP I-KSr; KP II/III; KP IV.

p60_88.png

PDF 60 · Original p. 39

Stratified exposure south of Kawakami Bridge with major units, including Spfa-1 and Aso-4, labeled.

Original Japanese lettering

KP I-KSr；Spfa-1；KP II/III；Aso-4；KP IV。

English translation

KP I-KSr; Spfa-1; KP II/III; Aso-4; KP IV.

p61_89.png

PDF 61 · Original p. 40

Kikai-Tozurahara tephra showing its finely stratified lower half and unstratified upper half, with a person holding a measuring rod at left.

Original Japanese lettering

図2；写真の日付表示：83 6 14。

English translation

Figure 2; photographic date stamp: 83 6 14.

p62_90.png

PDF 62 · Original p. 41

Topographic map of central Tanegashima locating the Noma exposure.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『種子島中部』（屋久島1号）。種子島空港，乗馬訓練場，伏之前，上方，野間，増田，野山崎，中央公園，阿曽。可読数値：142，83，6。

English translation

1:50,000 Central Tanegashima (Yakushima sheet 1). Tanegashima Airport; equestrian training ground; 伏之前; 上方; Noma; Masuda; 野山崎; Central Park; 阿曽. Legible numbers: 142, 83, 6.

地図の細かな地名・数値 — 一部不鮮明。読みの確認ができない地名は英訳でも日本語保持。

p62_91.png

PDF 62 · Original p. 41

Map showing terrace-surface distribution on Tanegashima and Mageshima with seven legend classes.

Original Japanese lettering

凡例：H₁面，H₂面，H₃面，M₁面，M₂面，M₃面～M₄面，L面。地名：馬毛島，大広野，西之表，田ノ脇，増田，野間，島間，長谷野，門倉岬。スケール：0～10km。南西岸を矢印で示す。

English translation

Legend: H₁ surface; H₂ surface; H₃ surface; M₁ surface; M₂ surface; M₃–M₄ surfaces; L surface. Place labels: Mageshima; 大広野; Nishinoomote; 田ノ脇; Masuda; Noma; Shimama; 長谷野; Cape Kadokura. Scale: 0–10 km. An arrow marks the southwestern coast.

p62_92.png

PDF 62 · Original p. 41

Schematic section showing terraces M1–M4 and their relationships to Ata and K-Tz.

Original Japanese lettering

陸側から海側：M1，M2，M3，M4。テフラ：K-Tz，Ata。垂直スケール：0，100 m；水平スケール：0～1km。

English translation

From landward to seaward: M1, M2, M3, M4. Tephras: K-Tz, Ata. Vertical scale: 0, 100 m. Horizontal scale: 0–1 km.

p63_93.png

PDF 63 · Original p. 42

Location map around Tozurahara and a stratigraphic column of marker tephras within a thick sand, mud, and gravel succession.

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：2.5万分の1『与瀬』（東京15号-1）；葛原，芝田，鶴島，上野原町，相模川；上野原大橋（上部で一部切れる）。可読数値200，250，266.5。柱状図上から：Hk-TP，Aso-4，TzP-III，On-In，K-Tz，On-Pm1。スケール0，5，10m。米澤(1981)，町田ほか(1985)より作成。画像左側の本文断片は本文欄に収録済み。

English translation

Map: 1:25,000 Yose (Tokyo sheet 15-1). Tozurahara; Shibata; Tsurushima; Uenohara Town; Sagami River; Uenohara Bridge (partly cropped at top). Legible numbers: 200, 250, 266.5. Column, from top: Hk-TP, Aso-4, TzP-III, On-In, K-Tz, On-Pm1. Scale: 0, 5, 10 m. Compiled from Yonezawa (1981) and Machida et al. (1985). The prose fragment at left is included in the main text.

地図中の小さな標高・地名 — 一部不鮮明で確定できない。

p64_94.png

PDF 64 · Original p. 43

Map locating the exposure beside a paddy field at Hetano.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『那珂湊』（水戸6号-2・4）。部田野，原。可読数値：36.6，27.7，30，24.2。

English translation

1:25,000 Nakaminato (Mito sheets 6-2 and 6-4). Hetano; 原. Legible numbers: 36.6, 27.7, 30, 24.2.

p64_95.png

PDF 64 · Original p. 43

Close-up of K-Tz ash lumps in sand at left, and exposure overview including overlying Ag-KP at right.

Original Japanese lettering

K-Tz（左に2箇所、右に1箇所）；N，NE，E；1996年6月撮影；Ag-KP；火山灰土；砂層；拡大部分。

English translation

K-Tz (two labels at left, one at right); N, NE, E; photographed June 1996; Ag-KP; volcanic-ash soil; sand bed; enlarged area.

p65_96.png

PDF 65 · Original p. 44

Topographic map marking the forest-road exposure in upper Nakajima Stream.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『駿河小山』（甲府4号-2）。柳島。可読標高：500，394，491，359，416。

English translation

1:25,000 Suruga-Oyama (Kofu sheet 4-2). Yanagishima. Legible elevations: 500, 394, 491, 359, 416.

p65_97.png

PDF 65 · Original p. 44

Exposure of the well-preserved pumice bed and its fine-grained interval, with a pen near the center and a photographer at left.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

p66_98.png

PDF 66 · Original p. 45

Topographic map locating the roadside exposure at Wakayanagi, Isawa Town.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『石淵ダム』（新庄2号-1）。上愛宕，愛宕，中萱刈窪。可読数値：198，195，203，200。

English translation

1:25,000 Ishibuchi Dam (Shinjo sheet 2-1). 上愛宕; Atago; 中萱刈窪. Legible numbers: 198, 195, 203, 200.

小さな地名・数値 — 一部は不鮮明。

p66_99.png

PDF 66 · Original p. 45

Exposure sketch of thin marker tephras over terrace gravel beneath an upper pumice bed.

Original Japanese lettering

Yk-Y′；Aso-4；On-Pm1；SK（左右）；Toya（左右）；Kth；Atg；M1 Terrace Gravel；Talus。右スケール0～4m。

English translation

Yk-Y′; Aso-4; On-Pm1; SK (left and right); Toya (left and right); Kth; Atg; M1 Terrace Gravel; Talus. Right-hand scale: 0–4 m.

p67_100.png

PDF 67 · Original p. 46

Topographic map marking the former exposure in southern Matsue.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『松江』（松江16号）。朝日町，大橋川，西津田，東津田町，上乃木町，古志原町。可読数値：1.4，2.2，4.5，2.3，31。

English translation

1:50,000 Matsue (Matsue sheet 16). Asahi Town; Ohashi River; Nishitsuda; Higashitsuda Town; Agenogi Town; Koshihara Town. Legible numbers: 1.4, 2.2, 4.5, 2.3, 31.

地図の小さい数値・施設名 — 一部は解像度が低く確定できない。

p67_101.png

PDF 67 · Original p. 46

Sketch showing DMP and SK pumice beds above old red soil.

Original Japanese lettering

SK；DMP；古赤色土。スケール0，1，2m。

English translation

SK; DMP; old red soil. Scale: 0, 1, 2 m.

p68_102.png

PDF 68 · Original p. 47

Map locating the exposure near Midori-no-Hiroba on the Hamaji coast.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『北潟』・『三国』（金沢15号-1・2）。三国町，城新田，みどりの広場（2箇所）。可読数値33，39.3。

English translation

1:25,000 Kitagata and Mikuni (Kanazawa sheets 15-1 and 15-2). Mikuni Town; 城新田; Midori-no-Hiroba (two labels). Legible numbers: 33, 39.3.

p68_103.png

PDF 68 · Original p. 47

Close-up of white ash within coarse sand and rounded pumice above it.

Original Japanese lettering

日付表示の可読部分：12 5 89。上端の文献行は本文に収録済み。

English translation

Legible date stamp: 12 5 89. The reference line at the top is included in the main text.

12 5 89 — 日付表示の左側が不鮮明。順序・完全な日付は確定しない。

p68_104.png

PDF 68 · Original p. 47

Sea-cliff photograph showing SK low in the section and tephra-bearing soil zones above.

Original Japanese lettering

黄褐色土壌(DKP・ATを含む)；暗褐色土壌帯(K-Tz・Aso-4を含む)；SK。左上の数字断片は隣の写真の端部。

English translation

Yellowish-brown soil (containing DKP and AT); dark-brown soil zone (containing K-Tz and Aso-4); SK. The cropped numbers at upper left belong to the adjacent photograph.

p69_105.png

PDF 69 · Original p. 48

Topographic map locating two valley-wall exposures south of Mount Usu and Showa-Shinzan.

Original Japanese lettering

図1。5万分の1『虻田』（室蘭1号）。地点1，2。有珠山，有珠新山，大有珠，小有珠，有珠山方，東丸山，昭和新山，壮瞥温泉，壮瞥滝，壮瞥神社，伊達市，上長和町，上長和郵，西関内町，長流川。可読数値：88.5，84.9，263，86.6，86.3，60，398，38.50，46.2，82.6，43，29.0，17.2，80，100，200，220，300，400，500，600。

English translation

Figure 1. 1:50,000 Abuta (Muroran sheet 1). Sites 1, 2. Mount Usu; Usu-Shinzan; O-Usu; Ko-Usu; 有珠山方; Higashi-Maruyama; Showa-Shinzan; Sobetsu hot spring; Sobetsu Falls; Sobetsu Shrine; Date City; Kaminagawa Town; Kaminagawa post office; 西関内町; Osaru River. Legible numbers: 88.5, 84.9, 263, 86.6, 86.3, 60, 398, 38.50, 46.2, 82.6, 43, 29.0, 17.2, 80, 100, 200, 220, 300, 400, 500, 600.

地形図中の一部山名・微細な数値 — 不鮮明な文字は原図で確定できない。「有珠山方」は図上の可読形を保持。

p70_106.png

PDF 70 · Original p. 49

Stratigraphic column of Toya tephra and younger volcanic products, with an exposure photograph of Osr and Tpfl I above the Kaminagawa Formation.

Original Japanese lettering

図2柱状図の上から：Us lava，Us pfa，Nj-Os，Kt-2 (N,Us-c)，Tpfl IV，Tpfl III，Tpfl II，Tpfa，Tpfl I。スケール0，1，2，3，4，5m。凡例：降下軽石，降下火山灰，火砕流堆積物，lag breccia，溶岩，火山灰土。図3写真：Tpfl I，Osr，上長和層。日付の可読部分：83 9。

English translation

Figure 2 column, from top: Us lava, Us pfa, Nj-Os, Kt-2 (N,Us-c), Tpfl IV, Tpfl III, Tpfl II, Tpfa, Tpfl I. Scale: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 m. Legend: pumice fall; ash fall; pyroclastic-flow deposit; lag breccia; lava; volcanic-ash soil. Figure 3 photograph: Tpfl I; Osr; Kaminagawa Formation. Legible date-stamp portion: 83 9.

写真右下の日付 — 末尾の数字が白くかすれ、完全な日付を確定できない。

p71_107.png

PDF 71 · Original p. 50

Map locating the exposure beside the national road in Tateyama Town, Date City.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『伊達』（室蘭2号）。館山町，旭町，長流橋，長流川，胆振線，志村化工，西浜町，水水町，日橋。可読数値53.8，4，3.5，0.8，5.2。

English translation

1:50,000 Date (Muroran sheet 2). Tateyama Town; Asahi Town; Osaru Bridge; Osaru River; Iburi railway line; Shimura Chemical Works; Nishihama Town; 水水町; 日橋. Legible numbers: 53.8, 4, 3.5, 0.8, 5.2.

右端の町名「水水町」と「日橋」 — 一部切れて不鮮明なため読める形を仮に転記し、地名読みは確定しない。

p71_108.png

PDF 71 · Original p. 50

Exposure sketch and stratigraphic column of beds above the Toya pyroclastic-flow deposit.

Original Japanese lettering

左スケッチ：Us-b-，Spfl，Kt-2，Toya pfl；全高12m。右柱状図上から：Us-b，Ko-d，Ng，volcanic sand，Spfl，Nj-Os，Kt-2，Nj-Dt，Aso-4，Toya pfl。スケール0～5m。凡例：降下軽石，降下スコリア，降下火山灰，火砕流堆積物，クロボク，火山灰土。

English translation

Left sketch: Us-b-, Spfl, Kt-2, Toya pfl; total height 12 m. Right column, from top: Us-b, Ko-d, Ng, volcanic sand, Spfl, Nj-Os, Kt-2, Nj-Dt, Aso-4, Toya pfl. Scale: 0–5 m. Legend: pumice fall; scoria fall; ash fall; pyroclastic-flow deposit; black humic soil; volcanic-ash soil.

p72_109.png

PDF 72 · Original p. 51

Topographic map locating the coastal-terrace exposure near 甲 southeast of Shimofuro.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『大畑』（尻屋崎6号）。下風呂，畑尻，鳥谷湯上，甲，甲崎，赤川，大崎，ちぢり浜，佐助川，三角山，道添，岩角。可読数値6.6，5.4，282.0，73，7.2。

English translation

1:50,000 Ohata (Shiriyazaki sheet 6). Shimofuro; Hatajiri; 鳥谷湯上; 甲; 甲崎; Akagawa; Osaki; Chijiri Beach; Sasuke River; 三角山; 道添; 岩角. Legible numbers: 6.6, 5.4, 282.0, 73, 7.2.

地名甲・鳥谷湯上等 — 独立した読みを確認できず、英訳で日本語を保持。

p72_110.png

PDF 72 · Original p. 51

Photograph of Toya on a terrace and a column distinguishing its coarse basal pumice.

Original Japanese lettering

写真：←Toya；宮内崇裕撮影。柱状図：Toya，ガラス質火山灰，粗砂サイズの軽石。スケール0～30cm。

English translation

Photograph: ← Toya; photograph by Takahiro Miyauchi. Column: Toya; glassy ash; coarse-sand-sized pumice. Scale: 0–30 cm.

p73_111.png

PDF 73 · Original p. 52

Map marking the sea-cliff exposure west of Anden village.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『北浦』（男鹿1号-3）。安田。

English translation

1:25,000 Kitaura (Oga sheet 1-3). Anden.

p73_112.png

PDF 73 · Original p. 52

Coastal exposure profile at Anden correlated with a column containing Aso-4 and Toya.

Original Japanese lettering

方位NE。露頭：Aso-4。柱状図：Aso-4，Toya，ピンクタフ；潟西層，安田層。凡例：シルト，砂質シルト，細～中粒砂，礫，貝化石。水平スケール100m、0；垂直スケール0～30m。

English translation

Direction: NE. Exposure label: Aso-4. Column labels: Aso-4, Toya, pink tuff; Katanishi Formation; Anden Formation. Legend: silt; sandy silt; fine- to medium-grained sand; gravel; shell fossils. Horizontal scale: 100 m, 0; vertical scale: 0–30 m.

p74_113.png

PDF 74 · Original p. 53

Exposure profile and column showing Aso-1, B-Og, Oga, and lignite in the lower Anden coastal section.

Original Japanese lettering

方位SW。Toya，Aso-1，B-Og，Oga；亜炭（3か所）；鮪川層，脇本層。スケール0，40m。

English translation

Direction: SW. Toya; Aso-1; B-Og; Oga; lignite (three occurrences); Shibikawa Formation; Wakimoto Formation. Scale: 0, 40 m.

p75_114.png

PDF 75 · Original p. 54

Topographic map locating the valley-floor exposure south of 野尻野 in Nejime Town.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『辺塚』（開聞岳2号-3）。野尻野，郡，伊座敷，別府，唐栄。可読数値542，384，387，396，370。

English translation

1:25,000 Hetsuka (Kaimondake sheet 2-3). 野尻野; Kori; Izashiki; 別府; 唐栄. Legible numbers: 542, 384, 387, 396, 370.

p75_115.png

PDF 75 · Original p. 54

Overview and enlarged exposure sketch of the Ata pyroclastic flow and preceding fallout tephras.

Original Japanese lettering

方位W。Ata-pfl，Izu-A，Ata-p，Ko-A。スケール2m。

English translation

Direction: W. Ata-pfl; Izu-A; Ata-p; Ko-A. Scale: 2 m.

Izu-A — 図中はIzu-A、本文はIz-Aと印刷されているため、それぞれ保持。

p76_116.png

PDF 76 · Original p. 55

Map locating the excavation exposure at Yamashita, Nishiki Town.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『人吉』（八代3号-4）。山下，野間，新立，滝の水，由留木，十日市，錦町，球磨川。可読数値172，163，125，134.4。

English translation

1:25,000 Hitoyoshi (Yatsushiro sheet 3-4). Yamashita; 野間; 新立; 滝の水; 由留木; 十日市; Nishiki Town; Kuma River. Legible numbers: 172, 163, 125, 134.4.

p76_117.png

PDF 76 · Original p. 55

Conceptual exposure sketch of superposed A-Ito, Aso-4, Ata, and Aso-3 at Yamashita.

Original Japanese lettering

山下の大露頭概念図。A-Ito；Aso-4（2か所）；Ata（2か所）；Aso-3；道路；崖の比高約20m。

English translation

Conceptual sketch of the large Yamashita exposure. A-Ito; Aso-4 (twice); Ata (twice); Aso-3; road; cliff relief approximately 20 m.

p77_118.png

PDF 77 · Original p. 56

Map locating the tunnel exposure near 野鹿.

Original Japanese lettering

図1。2.5万分の1『桜町』（大分11号-3）。国方，荻原，仲村，南河内，野鹿。可読数値504，465，479，429，408。

English translation

Figure 1. 1:25,000 Sakuramachi (Oita sheet 11-3). 国方; 荻原; 仲村; 南河内; 野鹿. Legible numbers: 504, 465, 479, 429, 408.

地図の細字注記 — 縦書きの小注記の一部が解像度により判読できない。

p77_119.png

PDF 77 · Original p. 56

Composite column showing units A–N and Ata and K-Tz between Aso-4 and Aso-3.

Original Japanese lettering

Aso-4，K-Tz，A，B，C，D，Ata，F，I，K，L，M，N，Aso-3。スケールm：5，0，5，10，15。

English translation

Aso-4; K-Tz; A; B; C; D; Ata; F; I; K; L; M; N; Aso-3. Scale, m: 5, 0, 5, 10, 15.

p78_120.png

PDF 78 · Original p. 57

Photograph showing the Aso-4 base, K-Tz, and Aso-ABCD in the tunnel.

Original Japanese lettering

Aso-4基底部，K-Tz，Aso-ABCD。車両荷台の文字は判読不明。

English translation

Aso-4 basal portion; K-Tz; Aso-ABCD. Lettering on the vehicle tailgate is illegible.

p78_121.png

PDF 78 · Original p. 57

Photograph showing the thin Ata bed below Aso-ABCD.

Original Japanese lettering

Aso-ABCD，Ata（2か所）。

English translation

Aso-ABCD; Ata (twice).

p79_122.png

PDF 79 · Original p. 58

Topographic map marking the tunnel-entrance exposure at Shichiri, Taketa.

Original Japanese lettering

図1。2.5万分の1『竹田』（大分11号-1）。城町，七里，稲葉川，竹田川，竹田市，竹田町，岡城跡，渡辺。可読数値300，238，322。

English translation

Figure 1. 1:25,000 Taketa (Oita sheet 11-1). 城町; Shichiri; Inaba River; Taketa River; Taketa City; Taketa Town; Oka Castle ruins; 渡辺. Legible numbers: 300, 238, 322.

p79_123.png

PDF 79 · Original p. 58

Section showing Aso-4 covering the Aso-3 plateau and the Inaba River valley.

Original Japanese lettering

岡城，稲葉川，3と4の不整合面。1，1M，3，4（複数箇所）。

English translation

Oka Castle; Inaba River; unconformity between 3 and 4. 1; 1M; 3; 4 (repeated).

p80_124.png

PDF 80 · Original p. 59

Exposure sketch showing 3A, 3W, P, and Q at the Aso-3 base.

Original Japanese lettering

3A，3W，P，Q，1m。

English translation

3A; 3W; P; Q; 1 m.

p80_125.png

PDF 80 · Original p. 59

Column identifying units, grain sizes, and components between Aso-2 and Aso-3.

Original Japanese lettering

スケールm：−2，−1，0，1，2，3，4，5，6。上から3B：non-wd sc fl；lithic conc；f. pm·lith -bg ash fl。3W：c. pm；f. strat pm·lith。U：c. pm。O：grey ash／yel pm，strat alt。P：c. pm。Q：black sdy ash。R：f–m. pm。Km：hb. biot-bg f. pm scatt。S：m／c／f／m–c，pm。2T：↑ f. strat sc；c. sc。2TL：white·m·pm。

English translation

Scale in m: −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. From top: 3B: non-wd sc fl [unwelded scoria flow]; lithic conc [lithic concentration]; f. pm·lith -bg ash fl [fine pumice- and lithic-bearing ash flow]. 3W: c. pm [coarse pumice]; f. strat pm·lith [finely stratified pumice and lithics]. U: c. pm. O: grey ash/yel pm [yellow pumice], strat alt [stratified alternation]. P: c. pm. Q: black sdy ash [black sandy ash]. R: f–m. pm [fine to medium pumice]. Km: hb. biot-bg f. pm scatt [scattered hornblende- and biotite-bearing fine pumice]. S: m/c/f/m–c, pm [medium/coarse/fine/medium to coarse pumice]. 2T: ↑ f. strat sc [finely stratified scoria]; c. sc [coarse scoria]. 2TL: white·m·pm [white medium pumice].

p80_126.png

PDF 80 · Original p. 59

Eastern exposure sketch showing Aso-3A and 3B and their erosional contact with Aso-4.

Original Japanese lettering

3，4（複数箇所）；3B（2か所）；3A；3/2；Q；1。

English translation

3 and 4 (repeated); 3B (twice); 3A; 3/2; Q; 1.

p81_127.png

PDF 81 · Original p. 60

Terrace relationships with Kakuto, Ata, Aso-3, Aso-4, and other tephras in the northern Miyazaki Plain.

Original Japanese lettering

Kakuto，Ata-Torihama，Ata，Sanzaibaru，Nyutabaru I，Nyutabaru II，Aso-4，Aso-3。標高スケール100m，50，0。

English translation

Kakuto; Ata-Torihama; Ata; Sanzaibaru; Nyutabaru I; Nyutabaru II; Aso-4; Aso-3. Elevation scale: 100 m, 50, 0.

p82_128.png

PDF 82 · Original p. 61

Map marking the Toriyama exposure in Kawaminami Town.

Original Japanese lettering

図2。2.5万分の1『川南・高鍋』（延岡7号-4・8号-3）。針池，通山二，通浜，通山，川南町，平田。可読数値57，56，57。

English translation

Figure 2. 1:25,000 Kawaminami and Takanabe (Nobeoka sheets 7-4 and 8-3). 針池; Toriyama 2; Torihama; Toriyama; Kawaminami Town; Hirata. Legible numbers: 57, 56, 57.

p82_129.png

PDF 82 · Original p. 61

Columns correlating the Aso-3 interval at Miyazaki, Hitoyoshi, Taketa, Takano, and the eastern foot of Fuji.

Original Japanese lettering

左から：本露頭，人吉盆地，竹田盆地，信州高野，富士東麓。対比線・単位：Aso-4，Ata，K-Tz（2か所），Aso-3（2か所），Aso-3C，Aso-3A，Aso-3W，Tt-D，On-Pm1，P-A，P-B。厚さ：4.3m，11m，>10m。左スケールm：0，5；高野スケールcm：0，500。凡例：paleosol，scoria，pumice，ash，pyroclastic flows，silt，sand & silt，gravel，basement，lignite。

English translation

From left: this exposure; Hitoyoshi Basin; Taketa Basin; Takano, Shinshu; eastern foot of Fuji. Correlations and units: Aso-4; Ata; K-Tz (twice); Aso-3 (twice); Aso-3C; Aso-3A; Aso-3W; Tt-D; On-Pm1; P-A; P-B. Thicknesses: 4.3 m, 11 m, >10 m. Left scale in m: 0, 5; Takano scale in cm: 0, 500. Legend: paleosol; scoria; pumice; ash; pyroclastic flows; silt; sand & silt; gravel; basement; lignite.

p82_130.png

PDF 82 · Original p. 61

Curves of sea-level change and tephra ages over 130,000 years.

Original Japanese lettering

Tephra：K-Ah，AT，Aso-4，K-Tz，On-Pm1，Ata，Aso-3。Age (ka)：0，50，100，130。Sea level：−100，0，+100m。0.7m/ka。?（複数箇所）。

English translation

Tephra: K-Ah, AT, Aso-4, K-Tz, On-Pm1, Ata, Aso-3. Age (ka): 0, 50, 100, 130. Sea level: −100, 0, +100 m. 0.7 m/ka. ? (repeated).

p83_131.png

PDF 83 · Original p. 62

Location of the Kutcharo pyroclastic-flow exposure on the upper Onnenai River.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『小清水』（斜里9号）。可読数値80，100。

English translation

1:50,000 Koshimizu (Shari sheet 9). Legible numbers: 80, 100.

p83_132.png

PDF 83 · Original p. 62

Column from KP I to KP V and the intercalated fallout tephras.

Original Japanese lettering

KP I，Spfa-1，Kpfa-2，Kpfa-3，KP II，KP III，Aso-4，Kpfa-4，Kpfa-5，20m，KP IV，Pink，KP V。左スケールは原PDF側に2m，1，0。

English translation

KP I; Spfa-1; Kpfa-2; Kpfa-3; KP II; KP III; Aso-4; Kpfa-4; Kpfa-5; 20 m; KP IV; Pink; KP V. Left-hand scale visible on the original PDF: 2 m, 1, 0.

p83_133.png

PDF 83 · Original p. 62

Onnenai River exposure photograph identifying KP I, II, III, and IV.

Original Japanese lettering

KP I，KP II，KP III，KP IV。

English translation

KP I; KP II; KP III; KP IV.

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PDF 84 · Original p. 63

Map locating the Nakanotaki sea-cliff exposure, Haboro Town.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『羽幌』（羽幌6号）。羽幌町，幸町，緑町，朝羽，栄町，寿。可読数値7.0，3.5，26.6，27.5，25，64.0，40。

English translation

1:50,000 Haboro (Haboro sheet 6). Haboro Town; Saiwai Town; Midori Town; 朝羽; Sakae Town; 寿. Legible numbers: 7.0, 3.5, 26.6, 27.5, 25, 64.0, 40.

p84_135.png

PDF 84 · Original p. 63

Sections showing Kc-Hb, Toya, and Aso-4 in peat and the terrace structure.

Original Japanese lettering

上図：植被，砂丘砂，腐植層，灰白色粘土 Spfa-1，有機質粘土，Aso-4，Toya，泥炭，Kc-Hb，海成砂層。水平0，5，10，15m；垂直0，5。下図：水平0，300m；垂直10m。凡例：砂丘砂，腐植層，褐色粘土，灰白色粘土，泥炭，海成砂層，基盤。疑問符2か所。

English translation

Upper section: vegetation cover; dune sand; humic layer; grayish-white clay, Spfa-1; organic clay; Aso-4; Toya; peat; Kc-Hb; marine sand. Horizontal scale: 0, 5, 10, 15 m; vertical: 0, 5. Lower section: horizontal 0, 300 m; vertical 10 m. Legend: dune sand; humic layer; brown clay; grayish-white clay; peat; marine sand; basement. Two question marks.

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PDF 85 · Original p. 64

Karumai locality map and tephra column from Spfa1 to Aafa4.

Original Japanese lettering

地図：2.5万分の1『軽舞』（苫小牧1号-1）；軽舞，軽舞川，正楽寺；可読数値30.0，21，1.5，2。柱状図上から：Spfa1，Kt-1，Z-M，Kt-Tk，Kt-3，Spfa6，Kt-Hy，Ssfa，Yo-Mk，Kt-6，Aso-4，Kt-8，Toya，Kc-Hb，Aafa4。スケール0m，1，2。凡例：降下軽石堆積物，降下スコリア堆積物，降下火山灰，褐色火山灰土，泥炭，粘土。

English translation

Map: 1:25,000 Karumai (Tomakomai sheet 1-1); Karumai; Karumai River; 正楽寺; legible numbers 30.0, 21, 1.5, 2. Column from top: Spfa1, Kt-1, Z-M, Kt-Tk, Kt-3, Spfa6, Kt-Hy, Ssfa, Yo-Mk, Kt-6, Aso-4, Kt-8, Toya, Kc-Hb, Aafa4. Scale: 0 m, 1, 2. Legend: pumice-fall deposit; scoria-fall deposit; ash fall; brown volcanic-ash soil; peat; clay.

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PDF 86 · Original p. 65

Onejime locality map, Ata-Torihama exposure photograph, and pumice-fall/pyroclastic-flow column.

Original Japanese lettering

地図：2.5万分の1『大根占』（開聞岳1号-4）；木場，木原，馬場，山口；可読数値40，61.0，93。柱状図：火砕流堆積物，降下軽石，5m。写真自体に可読注記なし。

English translation

Map: 1:25,000 Onejime (Kaimondake sheet 1-4); 木場; 木原; 馬場; 山口; legible numbers 40, 61.0, 93. Column: pyroclastic-flow deposit; pumice fall; 5 m. No legible annotations within the photograph.

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PDF 87 · Original p. 66

Location of the road-cutting exposure at Kamamuta, Aya Town.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『紙屋』（宮崎13号-1）。南俣，釜牟田，米田。可読数値202，258，225，208。

English translation

1:25,000 Kamiya (Miyazaki sheet 13-1). 南俣; Kamamuta; 米田. Legible numbers: 202, 258, 225, 208.

p87_139.png

PDF 87 · Original p. 66

Section of Ata-Th, Kamamuta I–III, Ata, Aira, and other tephras above the Kukino Gravel.

Original Japanese lettering

方位E，S。Kr-Iw，A-Iw，Ay，A-Fk，K-Tz，Ata，Km-III，Km-II，Km-I，Ata-Th，久木野礫層，道路面。2m。

English translation

Directions: E, S. Kr-Iw; A-Iw; Ay; A-Fk; K-Tz; Ata; Km-III; Km-II; Km-I; Ata-Th; Kukino Gravel; road surface. 2 m.

p88_140.png

PDF 88 · Original p. 67

Map showing Ata-Th exposures at Soga-Osawa and a Kiku River tributary.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『小田原北部』（横須賀13号-1）。川原，曽我大沢，井窪。可読数値130，184，193.4，105，83。

English translation

1:25,000 Northern Odawara (Yokosuka sheet 13-1). 川原; Soga-Osawa; 井窪. Legible numbers: 130, 184, 193.4, 105, 83.

p88_141.png

PDF 88 · Original p. 67

A Stream sketch showing Ata-Th, a fault, and fluvial gravel.

Original Japanese lettering

TB-8 (=Tm-19)，?，TCu-3 (=Tm-5)，Ata-Th，TCu-1 (=Tm-2)，断層，上流，川，下流，2m。A沢でのAta-Th露頭スケッチ。

English translation

TB-8 (=Tm-19); ?; TCu-3 (=Tm-5); Ata-Th; TCu-1 (=Tm-2); fault; upstream; river; downstream; 2 m. Sketch of the Ata-Th exposure at A Stream.

p88_142.png

PDF 88 · Original p. 67

TCu-1–4 and the position of Ata-Th in a Kiku River tributary.

Original Japanese lettering

TCu-4，TCu-3 (Tm-5)，Tm-4，Ata-Th，TCu-2 (Tm-3)，TCu-1，下流，上流，1m。菊川支流露頭のスケッチ。

English translation

TCu-4; TCu-3 (Tm-5); Tm-4; Ata-Th; TCu-2 (Tm-3); TCu-1; downstream; upstream; 1 m. Sketch of the Kiku River tributary exposure.

p89_143.png

PDF 89 · Original p. 68

Map of site G at Taketa High School and other flow-exposure sites T, K, and U.

Original Japanese lettering

図1。2.5万分の1『竹田』（大分11号-1）。G，T，K，U；竹田町，竹田市，渡辺，稲葉川，竹田川。可読数値238，322，250。

English translation

Figure 1. 1:25,000 Taketa (Oita sheet 11-1). G, T, K, U; Taketa Town; Taketa City; 渡辺; Inaba River; Taketa River. Legible numbers: 238, 322, 250.

p89_144.png

PDF 89 · Original p. 68

Exposure sketch of contacts among Imaichi and Aso-1–4.

Original Japanese lettering

1，3（複数箇所），4（2か所），2T，IM（2か所），1F（2か所）。

English translation

1; 3 (repeated); 4 (twice); 2T; IM (twice); 1F (twice).

p90_145.png

PDF 90 · Original p. 69

Column of fallout, pyroclastic-flow units, and welding changes in Aso-1 cycle A–D.

Original Japanese lettering

m：0，1，2。D：reddish brown wd tf with obsidian lens；dark brown vitric wd tf；coarser band。C：non-wd dark brown vitric ash；xl ash。B：pink-white pm sd；black sd。A：white, clayey；yel gray fall pm。下位：humus soil；lighter color (pm bed?)；biot-bg soil。

English translation

m: 0, 1, 2. D: reddish brown wd tf with obsidian lens [reddish-brown welded tuff with obsidian lenses]; dark brown vitric wd tf [dark-brown glassy welded tuff]; coarser band. C: non-wd dark brown vitric ash [unwelded dark-brown glassy ash]; xl ash [crystal ash]. B: pink-white pm sd [pinkish-white pumice sand]; black sd [black sand]. A: white, clayey; yel gray fall pm [yellowish-gray pumice fall]. Below: humus soil; lighter color (pm bed?) [pumice bed?]; biot-bg soil [biotite-bearing soil].

p90_146.png

PDF 90 · Original p. 69

Large exposure behind Taketa High School of superposed Imaichi and Aso pyroclastic flows.

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

p91_147.png

PDF 91 · Original p. 70

Topographic map locating the natural exposure west of Kawadaira.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『御所平』（甲府5号-3）。川平，南牧村，広瀬。可読数値1156，1150，1207。

English translation

1:25,000 Goshodaira (Kofu sheet 5-3). Kawadaira; Minamimaki Village; Hirose. Legible numbers: 1156, 1150, 1207.

p91_148.png

PDF 91 · Original p. 70

Exposure photograph of Nuka 4 immediately below Lw.O.P and Nuka 3 farther below.

Original Japanese lettering

Lw.O.P，ヌカ4 層厚20cm，ヌカ3 層厚2cm。

English translation

Lw.O.P; Nuka 4, thickness 20 cm; Nuka 3, thickness 2 cm.

p92_149.png

PDF 92 · Original p. 71

Map locating the Ng-1 exposure north of Ago.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『静岡東部』（静岡11号-1）。久能山，根古屋，安居，東照宮。可読数値246，250，50，11.9，12。

English translation

1:25,000 Eastern Shizuoka (Shizuoka sheet 11-1). Kunozan; Negoya; Ago; Toshogu Shrine. Legible numbers: 246, 250, 50, 11.9, 12.

p92_150.png

PDF 92 · Original p. 71

Photograph with arrows marking the Ng-1 ash bed in the valley wall.

Original Japanese lettering

N，S。矢印の範囲がNg-1火山灰層。1996年1月撮影。

English translation

N; S. The interval between the arrows is the Ng-1 ash bed. Photographed in January 1996.

p93_151.png

PDF 93 · Original p. 72

Map locating the Ng-1 and Kakuto exposure at Ota, Nomura Town.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『野村』（松山8号-2）。山本，中屋敷，荒瀬，中ノ村，野村，大田。可読数値60，61.5。

English translation

1:25,000 Nomura (Matsuyama sheet 8-2). 山本; 中屋敷; 荒瀬; 中ノ村; Nomura; Ota. Legible numbers: 60, 61.5.

p93_152.png

PDF 93 · Original p. 72

Columns correlating Nomura 1 (Kkt), Nomura 2 (Ng-1), and carbonaceous silt/peat.

Original Japanese lettering

シルト，礫，野村2火山灰(Ng-1)，炭質シルト-泥炭，野村1火山灰(Kkt)。スケール5m，0。1989年3月記載。

English translation

Silt; gravel; Nomura 2 ash (Ng-1); carbonaceous silt–peat; Nomura 1 ash (Kkt). Scale: 5 m, 0. Described in March 1989.

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PDF 94 · Original p. 73

Topographic map of the Kakuto pyroclastic-flow exposure at Yamashita, Nishiki Town.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『人吉』（八代3号-4）。野間，山下，滝の水，一野間，山川。可読数値172，156，125。

English translation

1:25,000 Hitoyoshi (Yatsushiro sheet 3-4). 野間; Yamashita; 滝の水; 一野間; 山川. Legible numbers: 172, 156, 125.

p94_154.png

PDF 94 · Original p. 73

Exposure sketch showing the erosional surface above Kkt and overlying Aso-4 and A-Ito.

Original Japanese lettering

A-Ito（2か所），Aso-4，Kkt，崖の比高約10m，農道。火砕流堆積物の層序。

English translation

A-Ito (twice); Aso-4; Kkt; cliff relief approximately 10 m; farm road. Stratigraphy of the pyroclastic-flow deposits.

p95_155.png

PDF 95 · Original p. 74

Map marking the quarry exposure at Kogashira and a separate exposure to the north.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『鹿児島北部』（鹿児島7号-3）。小山田町，稲村，川田，柿原，柳瀬。可読数値186.6，100，200。

English translation

1:25,000 Northern Kagoshima (Kagoshima sheet 7-3). Oyamada Town; 稲村; 川田; 柿原; 柳瀬. Legible numbers: 186.6, 100, 200.

p95_156.png

PDF 95 · Original p. 74

Relationships among Kkt, an unnamed pyroclastic flow, Hw, and their welded zones.

Original Japanese lettering

Kkt，強溶結部，非溶結部（2か所），未命名火砕流堆積物，Hw，溶結部，砂礫層。スケール10m，0。

English translation

Kkt; strongly welded portion; unwelded portion (twice); unnamed pyroclastic-flow deposit; Hw; welded portion; sand and gravel. Scale: 10 m, 0.

p96_157.png

PDF 96 · Original p. 75

Map locating the exposure at the top of the terrace at Tanegu, Nyu.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『鶴崎』（大分5号-2）。西受，大野川，昭和井，丹生，野田岡，浄願寺，種具，野間。可読数値81.5，42。

English translation

1:25,000 Tsurusaki (Oita sheet 5-2). 西受; Ono River; 昭和井; Nyu; 野田岡; 浄願寺; Tanegu; 野間. Legible numbers: 81.5, 42.

p96_158.png

PDF 96 · Original p. 75

Sketch of Kkt-bearing sand and gravel beneath shell-bearing silt, with an ash-bed photograph.

Original Japanese lettering

層理の発達した含貝化石シルト層，Kkt，砂礫層。全体5m；拡大50cm。写真に可読文字なし。

English translation

Well-stratified shell-fossil-bearing silt; Kkt; sand and gravel. Overall scale 5 m; enlarged interval 50 cm. No legible lettering within the photograph.

p97_159.png

PDF 97 · Original p. 76

Joined map sheets locating the exposure south of Hirose.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『信濃中島』（長野8号-4）；2.5万分の1『御所平』（甲府5号-3）。小海線，広瀬，岩下，さくひろせ。可読数値1100，1257，1156，1219。

English translation

1:25,000 Shinano-Nakajima (Nagano sheet 8-4); 1:25,000 Goshodaira (Kofu sheet 5-3). Koumi railway line; Hirose; Iwashita; Saku-Hirose. Legible numbers: 1100, 1257, 1156, 1219.

p97_160.png

PDF 97 · Original p. 76

Exposure overview showing Kkt and underlying B2 (A3Pm).

Original Japanese lettering

←Kkt；←B2 (A3Pm)。

English translation

←Kkt; ←B2 (A3Pm).

p97_161.png

PDF 97 · Original p. 76

Close-up of the thin Kkt fine-ash bed.

Original Japanese lettering

Kkt，クローズアップ。

English translation

Kkt; close-up.

p98_162.png

PDF 98 · Original p. 77

Location of the APm reference exposure at Kambadaira, Ooka Village.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『麻績』（長野14号-3）。樺平，聖山。可読数値1288，1032，1100，1200。

English translation

1:25,000 Omi (Nagano sheet 14-3). Kambadaira; Hijiriyama. Legible numbers: 1288, 1032, 1100, 1200.

p98_163.png

PDF 98 · Original p. 77

Joined exposure photographs identifying A1Pm–A4Pm at Kambadaira.

Original Japanese lettering

NW，NE，SE；A4Pm，A3Pm，A2Pm，A1Pm；スケールは1m。大岡村樺平における大町APmテフラ群。

English translation

NW, NE, SE; A4Pm, A3Pm, A2Pm, A1Pm; scale is 1 m. Omachi APm tephra group at Kambadaira, Ooka Village.

p99_164.png

PDF 99 · Original p. 78

Map across two sheets locating the 水鉛谷 conduit.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『三俣蓮華岳』（高山6号-4）；2.5万分の1『笠ヶ岳』（高山7号-3）。左俣谷。可読数値2303，205，2105。

English translation

1:25,000 Mitsumata-Rengedake (Takayama sheet 6-4); 1:25,000 Kasagatake (Takayama sheet 7-3). Hidari-mata Valley. Legible numbers: 2303, 205, 2105.

205 — 数値の一部が不鮮明で、全標高値は確定できない。

p99_165.png

PDF 99 · Original p. 78

Map and A–B section of tuff and granite porphyry in the 水鉛谷 conduit.

Original Japanese lettering

N；左俣谷，水鉛谷；A，B；Tf，Gp（平面図・断面図）。等高線1800m，1900m，2000m，2100m，2200m，2300m，2350m（2か所）；山頂2270.7m；走向傾斜75，60。断面標高m：1800，2000，2200。水平0，500m。凡例：水鉛谷熔結火道―凝灰岩，花崗斑岩；奥丸沢花崗岩。

English translation

N; Hidari-mata Valley; 水鉛谷; A, B; Tf, Gp (map and section). Contours: 1800 m, 1900 m, 2000 m, 2100 m, 2200 m, 2300 m, 2350 m (twice); summit 2270.7 m; dip values 75, 60. Section elevation, m: 1800, 2000, 2200. Horizontal scale: 0, 500 m. Legend: 水鉛谷熔結火道 [printed conduit designation]—tuff, granite porphyry; 奥丸沢 granite.

凡例の水鉛谷熔結火道 — 細字の中央2字は不鮮明。英訳では印刷形を保持し、通常の地質用語への置換を避けた。

p100_166.png

PDF 100 · Original p. 79

Pyroclastic-flow observation sites 1–3 around Kumonotaira.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『槍ヶ岳』（高山6号）。地点1，地点2，地点3；薬師沢小屋，A沢，雲ノ平（奥ノ平），雲ノ平山荘，祖父沢。可読数値2576，2463.9，1976。

English translation

1:50,000 Yarigatake (Takayama sheet 6). Sites 1, 2, 3; Yakushizawa hut; A Stream; Kumonotaira (Okunotaira); Kumonotaira mountain lodge; Jiji Stream. Legible numbers: 2576, 2463.9, 1976.

p100_167.png

PDF 100 · Original p. 79

Three columns correlating pumice-flow deposits within the Kumonotaira Gravel.

Original Japanese lettering

地点1 A沢右岸：塊状溶岩；2100m；凝灰質砂層；シルト-粗粒砂層（小礫含），斜交層理発達；軽石流堆積物；2050；礫層；2000。地点2 赤木沢出合北600m（黒部川右岸）：塊状部，下部クリンカー，2100m；細-中粒砂層（葉理発達）；シルト-粗粒砂層（小礫層挟む）；細-中粒砂層（葉理発達）；2050；船津花崗岩類。地点3 祖父沢：2250m（標高）；祖父岳溶岩；下部クリンカー；礫層；2200；塊状溶岩；2150；軽石流堆積物。スケール10m。

English translation

Site 1, right bank of A Stream: massive lava; 2100 m; tuffaceous sand; silt–coarse sand containing small gravel, with developed cross-stratification; pumice-flow deposit; 2050; gravel; 2000. Site 2, 600 m north of the Akagizawa confluence (right bank of the Kurobe River): massive portion; basal clinker; 2100 m; fine–medium sand with developed lamination; silt–coarse sand intercalated with small-gravel beds; fine–medium sand with developed lamination; 2050; Funatsu granitic rocks. Site 3, Jiji Stream: 2250 m (elevation); Jijidake lava; basal clinker; gravel; 2200; massive lava; 2150; pumice-flow deposit. Scale: 10 m.

p101_168.png

PDF 101 · Original p. 80

Map locating the widespread-tephra exposure at Nishigumi, Sugadaira.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『菅平』（長野9号-4）。西組。可読数値1252，1282，1242，1255，1350。

English translation

1:25,000 Sugadaira (Nagano sheet 9-4). Nishigumi. Legible numbers: 1252, 1282, 1242, 1255, 1350.

p101_169.png

PDF 101 · Original p. 80

Joined panorama identifying APms, Kkt, Ata-Th, and other tephras at Sugadaira.

Original Japanese lettering

SE，SW，NW。左部：Iz-NY，Ata-Th，SgP.2，Az-MiP，SgA，A5Pm。中央：SgA。右部：A5Pm，A4Pm，Kkt。菅平高原西組の露頭写真。

English translation

SE, SW, NW. Left: Iz-NY, Ata-Th, SgP.2, Az-MiP, SgA, A5Pm. Center: SgA. Right: A5Pm, A4Pm, Kkt. Exposure photograph at Nishigumi, Sugadaira Plateau.

p102_170.png

PDF 102 · Original p. 81

Map locating the roadside outcrop at Kukino with an arrow

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「紙屋」（宮崎13号-1）。久木野；東ヶ谷。標高・等高線数字：82，80.2，84，130。

English translation

1:25,000 “Kamiya” (Miyazaki 13-1). Kukino; 東ヶ谷. Elevation and contour figures: 82, 80.2, 84, 130.

p102_171.png

PDF 102 · Original p. 81

Column showing pumice fall with a rounded-gravel bed and nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits

Original Japanese lettering

上から：砂礫層；火砕流堆積物；降下軽石層（水成？）；←円礫層；←砂礫層。Kb-Ksの範囲は上部砂礫層の下から下部砂礫層の上まで。林道；目盛0，10m。

English translation

From top: sand and gravel; pyroclastic-flow deposits; pumice-fall bed (water-laid?); ←rounded-gravel bed; ←sand and gravel. Kb-Ks extends from below the upper sand and gravel to above the lower sand and gravel. Forest road; scale 0, 10 m.

p103_172.png

PDF 103 · Original p. 82

Topographic map of Katata marking the Kamiogi outcrop with an arrow

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「堅田」（京都及大阪2号-1）。仰木町；192；123。

English translation

1:25,000 “Katata” (Kyoto and Osaka 2-1). Ogi Town; 192; 123.

p103_173.png

PDF 103 · Original p. 82

Kamiogi Sakura volcanic-ash bed with a scale

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

p104_174.png

PDF 104 · Original p. 83

Two topographic maps locating the Totsuka and Futtsu 上 outcrops

Original Japanese lettering

上図：2.5万分の1「戸塚」（東京8号-4）；小雀町，住友電工横浜工場，田谷の洞窟，田谷町，永勝寺。標高2.0，3.9；一部の小字は判読不明。下図：地点2；2.5万分の1「鹿野山」（横須賀1号-1）；富津市，大堰，上，古谷，新山，前向谷，後向，百坂；標高24.0，31.6。

English translation

Upper map: 1:25,000 “Totsuka” (Tokyo 8-4); Kosuzume Town, Sumitomo Electric Yokohama Works, Taya Caves, Taya Town, Eishoji Temple. Elevations 2.0, 3.9; some small locality names are illegible. Lower map: locality 2; 1:25,000 “Kanozan” (Yokosuka 1-1); Futtsu City, 大堰, 上, 古谷, 新山, 前向谷, 後向, 百坂; elevations 24.0, 31.6.

地図の細字地名 — 原画像でも一部は読み切れないため判読不明とした。

p104_175.png

PDF 104 · Original p. 83

Correlation of By2 and By1 at Totsuka with the standard Futtsu succession

Original Japanese lettering

1：下倉田軽石；laminated sand；By2；By-1；peaty layer；目盛0，1，2m。2：富津周辺の更新世中期地層の標準層序。上からK2；Sn1 A・B・C；Sn2；Sn10=Ks11（By2と対比線）；Ks11.2（By-1と対比線）；Sn12；Sn14；Sn15；Ks15；Ku6 A・B・C・D・D′・E（D付近の重なりは不鮮明）；U1。尺度0，100，200m。

English translation

1: Shimokurata pumice; laminated sand; By2; By-1; peaty layer; scale 0, 1, 2 m. 2: Standard Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy around Futtsu. From top: K2; Sn1 A, B, C; Sn2; Sn10=Ks11 (correlation line to By2); Ks11.2 (correlation line to By-1); Sn12; Sn14; Sn15; Ks15; Ku6 A, B, C, D, D′, E (overlapping lettering near D is indistinct); U1. Scale 0, 100, 200 m.

Ku6のD付近の枝番号 — 細字が重なりD・D′の並びは不鮮明。

p105_176.png

PDF 105 · Original p. 84

Topographic map showing outcrops 1–4 at Seiganji, Nyu

Original Japanese lettering

1，2，3，4；2.5万分の1「鶴崎」（大分5号-2）；誓願寺，丹生，下岡，昭和井路，丹生出張所；標高86.5，48.3，81.5，52。

English translation

1, 2, 3, 4; 1:25,000 “Tsurusaki” (Oita 5-2); Seiganji, Nyu, 下岡, Showa irrigation channel, Nyu branch office; elevations 86.5, 48.3, 81.5, 52.

p105_177.png

PDF 105 · Original p. 84

Outcrop photograph of finely alternating beds from SW to NE

Original Japanese lettering

SW；NE。画像上部の本文と文献は本文に復元済。

English translation

SW; NE. Prose and references embedded above the photograph have been restored in the main text.

p106_178.png

PDF 106 · Original p. 85

Topographic map locating the type outcrop south of Okago

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「安芸内海」（広島7号-1）。岡郷，黒瀬町，田津原，川角。標高161，186，160.9，26。

English translation

1:25,000 “Aki-Uchinoumi” (Hiroshima 7-1). Okago, Kurose Town, 田津原, 川角. Elevations 161, 186, 160.9, 26.

p106_179.png

PDF 106 · Original p. 85

Column showing peat immediately below the Okago volcanic ash

Original Japanese lettering

地質柱状図；1982年11月記載。上から：シルト/砂；シルト；火山灰；砂；火山灰質砂；岡郷火山灰層；シルト；泥炭；シルト；砂；砂まじりシルト。尺度0，1，2m。

English translation

Geological column; described in November 1982. From top: silt/sand; silt; volcanic ash; sand; ashy sand; Okago volcanic-ash bed; silt; peat; silt; sand; sandy silt. Scale 0, 1, 2 m.

p106_180.png

PDF 106 · Original p. 85

Thinly bedded Okago volcanic ash with a hammer for scale

Original Japanese lettering

岡郷火山灰；1996年1月撮影。

English translation

Okago volcanic ash; photographed in January 1996.

p108_181.png

PDF 108 · Original p. 87

Outcrop map and seven columns with correlation lines for Magari, Mera, and Hogawara A–C

Original Japanese lettering

WS-24-1。地図：2.5万分の1「大分」（大分5号-4）；2.5万分の1「鶴崎」（大分5号-2）。地点1～12（1付近の番号は他記号と重なり不鮮明）；曲，米良，芳河原，津守，片島，椎迫山，下郡，和台団地，大道，米竹新川井路，ゴルフ場，横尾浄水場，公衆衛生看護学院。標高等：51.5，68，52，97，62，90，118.4，129.4，17，33，63。

柱状図：地点2，地点4，地点6，地点7，地点8，地点9～10，地点11～12。凡例：火砕流堆積物；降下軽石；火山灰－火山砂層；シルト層；砂層；礫層。テフラ名：米良；芳河原C；芳河原B；芳河原A；曲。下位から曲、芳河原B、芳河原C、米良の対比線、曲より下位の芳河原Aの対比線。目盛0，10m。印刷ページ87。

English translation

WS-24-1. Maps: 1:25,000 “Oita” (Oita 5-4); 1:25,000 “Tsurusaki” (Oita 5-2). Localities 1–12 (the numeral near locality 1 overlaps another symbol and is indistinct); Magari, Mera, Hogawara, Tsumori, Katashima, 椎迫山, Shimogori, 和台 housing estate, Oomichi, 米竹新川 irrigation channel, golf course, Yokoo Waterworks, public-health nursing school. Elevation and other figures: 51.5, 68, 52, 97, 62, 90, 118.4, 129.4, 17, 33, 63.

Columns: localities 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9–10, 11–12. Legend: pyroclastic-flow deposits; pumice fall; volcanic-ash to volcanic-sand beds; silt; sand; gravel. Tephra labels: Mera; Hogawara C; Hogawara B; Hogawara A; Magari. Correlation lines link Magari, Hogawara B, Hogawara C, and Mera in ascending order, and Hogawara A below Magari. Scale 0, 10 m. Printed page 87.

地図内の地点1と一部細字 — 記号重なりと低解像度により一部は読み切れない。

p109_182.png

PDF 109 · Original p. 88

Four joined topographic sheets marking Imaichi outcrops 1–12 around Kagonodai

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「小野屋」（大分9号-2）；「大分」（大分5号-4）；「豊後今市」（大分10号-1）；「野津原」（大分6号-3）。地点1～12。籠ノ台，福宗，本福宗。標高219，240，266，24。

English translation

1:25,000 “Onoya” (Oita 9-2); “Oita” (Oita 5-4); “Bungo-Imaichi” (Oita 10-1); “Notsuharu” (Oita 6-3). Localities 1–12. Kagonodai, Fukuso, Motofukuso. Elevations 219, 240, 266, 24.

p109_183.png

PDF 109 · Original p. 88

Welded Imaichi pyroclastic-flow deposits exposed in a road cut

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

p110_184.png

PDF 110 · Original p. 89

Columns showing welding variations and basal pumice fall of Imaichi, with underlying Yabakei and overlying Yufugawa deposits

Original Japanese lettering

左柱上から：由布川火砕流堆積物：地点12，非溶結部（軽石質火山灰流）；降下軽石層；褐色土壌。今市火砕流堆積物：地点8，試料9，非溶結部（軽石－スコリア流）；地点7，8，弱溶結部（軽石－スコリア流）；7，脱ガラス化した強溶結部；ガラス質の強溶結部，地点6，6；地点1，ガラス質の強溶結火山灰流；成層した弱溶結部（火山豆石入り）；5，弱溶結部（軽石質火山灰流）。尺度5m。 右柱上から：今市火砕流堆積物（続き）；地点5，4，非溶結部（軽石質火山灰流）；地点3，3P；2P，降下軽石層；地点2，1P；礫層。耶馬溪火砕流堆積物：地点9，非溶結部（軽石質火山灰流）；地点10，成層した軽石と火山灰の互層。大分層群東植田層；砂層。

English translation

Left column, from top: Yufugawa pyroclastic-flow deposits: locality 12, nonwelded part (pumiceous ash flow); pumice-fall bed; brown soil. Imaichi pyroclastic-flow deposits: locality 8, sample 9, nonwelded part (pumice–scoria flow); locality 7, 8, weakly welded part (pumice–scoria flow); 7, devitrified strongly welded part; glassy strongly welded part, locality 6, 6; locality 1, glassy strongly welded ash flow; stratified weakly welded part (with accretionary lapilli); 5, weakly welded part (pumiceous ash flow). Scale 5 m. Right column, from top: Imaichi pyroclastic-flow deposits (continued); locality 5, 4, nonwelded part (pumiceous ash flow); locality 3, 3P; 2P, pumice-fall bed; locality 2, 1P; gravel. Yabakei pyroclastic-flow deposits: locality 9, nonwelded part (pumiceous ash flow); locality 10, stratified alternating pumice and volcanic-ash beds. Oita Group, Wasada (東植田) Formation; sand. Italic numerals designate samples. Arabic locality numerals designate outcrops.

p111_185.png

PDF 111 · Original p. 90

Topographic map marking the Kisen ash reference outcrop on the middle Kisen River

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「堅田」（京都及び大阪2号-1）。喜撰川，北浜，高城，志賀町，和邇中。標高87，162，183.9。

English translation

1:25,000 “Katata” (Kyoto and Osaka 2-1). Kisen River, Kitahama, 高城, Shiga Town, Waninaka. Elevations 87, 162, 183.9.

p111_186.png

PDF 111 · Original p. 90

SW–NE exposure of Kisen volcanic ash with a 1 m scale

Original Japanese lettering

SW；NE。最下部10cm以外すべて火山灰．スケールは1m．1996年1月撮影。

English translation

SW; NE. All material except the lowermost 10 cm is volcanic ash. Scale 1 m. Photographed in January 1996.

p112_187.png

PDF 112 · Original p. 91

Topographic map marking the forest-road exposure north of Umegase

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「大多喜」（大多喜13号-1）。石塚。標高194，239.3，172，188，220。

English translation

1:25,000 “Otaki” (Otaki 13-1). Ishizuka. Elevations 194, 239.3, 172, 188, 220.

p112_188.png

PDF 112 · Original p. 91

Photograph labelling Ku6A, B, C, D, and E downward through Kokumoto mudstone

Original Japanese lettering

上から：Ku6A，Ku6B，Ku6C，Ku6D，Ku6E。

English translation

From top: Ku6A, Ku6B, Ku6C, Ku6D, Ku6E.

p113_189.png

PDF 113 · Original p. 92

Map of western Yabakei locating outcrops 1–3

Original Japanese lettering

地点1，2，3；2.5万分の1「耶馬溪西部」（中津16号-3）。大島，奥鶴，幸田，金吉，芝原，鹿熊，耶馬溪。標高152，366，374；等高線200。

English translation

Localities 1, 2, 3; 1:25,000 “Western Yabakei” (Nakatsu 16-3). Oshima, 奥鶴, 幸田, 金吉, 芝原, 鹿熊, Yabakei. Elevations 152, 366, 374; contour 200.

p113_190.png

PDF 113 · Original p. 92

Map locating outcrops 4–5 at Kasagihara, Hijudai

Original Japanese lettering

地点4，5；2.5万分の1「日出生台」（大分9号-3）。日出生，長谷，笠置原，日出生川。標高690，668，678；等高線500，600。

English translation

Localities 4, 5; 1:25,000 “Hijudai” (Oita 9-3). 日出生, 長谷, Kasagiharu, 日出生 River. Elevations 690, 668, 678; contours 500, 600.

p114_191.png

PDF 114 · Original p. 93

Accretionary lapilli no larger than 1 cm shown beside a tape measure

Original Japanese lettering

巻尺の可読目盛：1，2，4，5，6，7，8，9，10，11，12。

English translation

Legible tape-measure numerals: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.

p114_192.png

PDF 114 · Original p. 93

Two columns showing welded Yabakei deposits at Kaguma and basal fallout ash with underlying strata at Hijudai

Original Japanese lettering

左柱：地点1，2，3（耶馬溪町鹿熊）。上から今市火砕流堆積物：強溶結部；弱溶結部；地点3，風化帯。耶馬溪火砕流堆積物：弱溶結部；強溶結部（脱ガラス化）；地点1，強溶結部（ガラス質）；非溶結部；地点2；凝灰岩－凝灰角礫岩。尺度2m。 右柱：地点4（玖珠町日出生台）。上から耶馬溪火砕流堆積物：非溶結部（火山灰及び軽石）；降下火山灰火山砂互層；地点4，降下火山灰（降下火山豆石）。鬼ヶ原岩屑堆積物：凝灰角礫岩－凝灰質砂岩。笠置原火砕流堆積物：非溶結部（火山灰及び軽石）。尺度2m。画像上端の宇都・須藤(1985)は本文文献に復元済。

English translation

Left column: localities 1, 2, 3 (Kaguma, Yabakei Town). From top: Imaichi pyroclastic-flow deposits: strongly welded part; weakly welded part; locality 3, weathered zone. Yabakei pyroclastic-flow deposits: weakly welded part; strongly welded part (devitrified); locality 1, strongly welded part (glassy); nonwelded part; locality 2; tuff–tuff breccia. Scale 2 m. Right column: locality 4 (Hijudai, Kusu Town). From top: Yabakei pyroclastic-flow deposits: nonwelded part (volcanic ash and pumice); alternating volcanic-ash and volcanic-sand fallout beds; locality 4, volcanic-ash fall (accretionary-lapilli fall). Onigahara debris deposits: tuff breccia–tuffaceous sandstone. Kasagiharu pyroclastic-flow deposits: nonwelded part (volcanic ash and pumice). Scale 2 m. Uto and Suto (1985) at the image top has been restored in the main references.

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PDF 115 · Original p. 94

Reference section of fifteen beds and named earth pillars at Hatodake, with a location map at upper right

Original Japanese lettering

地図：2.5万分の1「西赤谷」（徳島16号-1）；阿波ノ土柱，林，桜ノ岡，名東岡，十善地；標高203，149.9，84。 阿波ノ土柱 模式断面図（波涛嶽）；吉野川グループ(1968)；尺度2m。地形名：大波小波，蓬莱島，大天柱・大石門，白狗座，大蟻塚。凡例：boulder, angular, round；cobble；pebble；clayey。層番号と原図色調：

English translation

Map: 1:25,000 “Nishi-Akadani” (Tokushima 16-1); Awa-no-Dochu, Hayashi, Sakuranooka, 名東岡, 十善地; elevations 203, 149.9, 84. Reference cross-section of Awa-no-Dochu (Hatodake); Yoshinogawa Group (1968); scale 2 m. Named landforms: Onami-Konami, Horaijima, Daitenchu–Daisekimon, Hakukuza, Oarizuka. Legend, retaining original English: boulder, angular, round; cobble; pebble; clayey. Bed numbers and original colour lettering:

第2層の細字 — 原図上端の文字が重なり判読できない。br.とgrayey whiteは原図表記を保持。

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PDF 116 · Original p. 95

Map showing the principal outcrop east of 富蔵 and observation sites to its southeast

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「富田林」（和歌山6号-3）。堺市，富蔵，逆瀬川，釜室，畑，感応寺。標高59，95.5，145，83，66，96.2。

English translation

1:25,000 “Tondabayashi” (Wakayama 6-3). Sakai City, 富蔵, Sakasegawa, Kamamuro, Hata, Kannoji Temple. Elevations 59, 95.5, 145, 83, 66, 96.2.

p116_195.png

PDF 116 · Original p. 95

NW–SE exposure showing the volcanic-ash bed and underlying marine clay Ma1

Original Japanese lettering

NW；SE；火山灰層；海成粘土Ma1；2m；1996年2月撮影。

English translation

NW; SE; volcanic-ash bed; marine clay Ma1; 2 m; photographed in February 1996.

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PDF 116 · Original p. 95

Close-up of finely stratified Pink volcanic ash

Original Japanese lettering

ピンク火山灰の層相；スケールは90cm。

English translation

Facies of the Pink volcanic ash; scale 90 cm.

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PDF 117 · Original p. 96

Map marking the Fukuda ash type outcrop in Mikeyama Town with a black square

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「岸和田東部」（和歌山10号-1）。福田町，葛城町，大池。標高69，73.0，74。

English translation

1:25,000 “Eastern Kishiwada” (Wakayama 10-1). Fukuda Town, Katsuragi Town, Oike. Elevations 69, 73.0, 74.

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PDF 117 · Original p. 96

Paired photographs showing units A1, B, C of Fukuda ash and a thin underlying ash bed

Original Japanese lettering

左右ともW，E。左写真上から：ユニットC；ユニットB；ユニットA1；シルト；火山灰；シルト。1987年3月撮影。

English translation

W, E on both photographs. Left photograph, from top: unit C; unit B; unit A1; silt; volcanic ash; silt. Photographed in March 1987.

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PDF 118 · Original p. 97

Map of the east-bank Tsujimata River outcrop and photograph of units A1, A2, B, C

Original Japanese lettering

地図：2.5万分の1「岩沢」（高田1号-4）；2.5万分の1「小出」（高田1号-2）。下稲倉，明神，上山；標高272，194，353，424，234.6。写真：NW，SE；辻又川火山灰層；上からユニットC，B，A2，A1；1995年8月撮影。画像左縁の本文断片は本文に収録済。

English translation

Map: 1:25,000 “Iwasawa” (Takada 1-4); 1:25,000 “Koide” (Takada 1-2). 下稲倉, Myojin, 上山; elevations 272, 194, 353, 424, 234.6. Photograph: NW, SE; Tsujimatagawa volcanic-ash bed; from top, units C, B, A2, A1; photographed in August 1995. Text fragments at the left edge are included in the main text.

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PDF 119 · Original p. 98

Map marking the Kd38 outcrop in the valley southwest of 加勢

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「坂畑」（大多喜13号-4）。加勢；折〔地名の残りは切れている〕。標高140，204，315.2。

English translation

1:25,000 “Sakahata” (Otaki 13-4). 加勢; 折 [remainder of locality name cropped]. Elevations 140, 204, 315.2.

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PDF 119 · Original p. 98

N–S outcrop photograph of Kd38 units A1, A2, and B

Original Japanese lettering

N；S；kd38火山灰；上からユニットB，ユニットA2，ユニットA1；1995年6月撮影。

English translation

N; S; kd38 volcanic ash; from top, unit B, unit A2, unit A1; photographed in June 1995.

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PDF 121 · Original p. 100

Map of the Wakasakanai sheet marking the artificial outcrop at 豊徳

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1「稚咲内」（天塩6号）。ワンコノ沢，長沼群，豊徳，清明川。標高5，5.5，57，45，56，48.8，8.7，3.5，51.5，23，55.2。

English translation

1:50,000 “Wakasakanai” (Teshio 6). Wankonosawa, Naganuma lake group, 豊徳, Seimei River. Elevations 5, 5.5, 57, 45, 56, 48.8, 8.7, 3.5, 51.5, 23, 55.2.

p121_203.png

PDF 121 · Original p. 100

S–N exposure labelling seven Rishiri tephras above marine sand and gravel

Original Japanese lettering

S；N；Rs-Ho；Rs-Wn；Rs-Kb3；Rs-Kb2；Rs-Kb1；Rs-Ac2；Rs-Ac1；海成砂礫層；1990年5月撮影。

English translation

S; N; Rs-Ho; Rs-Wn; Rs-Kb3; Rs-Kb2; Rs-Kb1; Rs-Ac2; Rs-Ac1; marine sand and gravel; photographed in May 1990.

p121_204.png

PDF 121 · Original p. 100

Column relating Rishiri and widespread tephras to age determinations

Original Japanese lettering

尺度0，1，2，3m。年代：8,180±180年BP（GaK-16786）；31–42ka；70–90ka；100–130ka。上からRs-Ho；Rs-Wn；Spfa-1（31–42ka）；Rs-Kb3；Aso-4（70–90ka）；Rs-Kb2；Rs-Kb1；Rs-Ac2；Rs-Ac1；Kc-Hb（100–130ka）。凡例：腐植層；ローム；火山灰；スコリア；軽石；海成砂礫層。

English translation

Scale 0, 1, 2, 3 m. Ages: 8,180±180 yr BP (GaK-16786); 31–42 ka; 70–90 ka; 100–130 ka. From top: Rs-Ho; Rs-Wn; Spfa-1 (31–42 ka); Rs-Kb3; Aso-4 (70–90 ka); Rs-Kb2; Rs-Kb1; Rs-Ac2; Rs-Ac1; Kc-Hb (100–130 ka). Legend: humic layer; loam; volcanic ash; scoria; pumice; marine sand and gravel.

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PDF 122 · Original p. 101

Map showing the Ashino borrow pit and surrounding wetlands

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1「鬼志別」（枝幸9号・13号）。芦野，猿骨，猿骨沼，キモマ沼。標高20，26.5，11.3，2.16，6。

English translation

1:50,000 “Onishibetsu” (Esashi 9 and 13). Ashino, Sarukotsu, Lake Sarukotsu, Lake Kimoma. Elevations 20, 26.5, 11.3, 2.16, 6.

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PDF 122 · Original p. 101

Southern crack extending below Rs-Wn and northern crack with an iron-oxide pan

Original Japanese lettering

左：腐植層；Rs-Wn；ローム；暗褐色細粒砂層；海成砂礫層（浅茅野層）。右：ローム；暗褐色細粒砂層；酸化鉄の盤層；海成砂礫層（浅茅野層）。

English translation

Left: humic layer; Rs-Wn; loam; dark brown fine sand; marine sand and gravel (Asachino Formation). Right: loam; dark brown fine sand; iron-oxide pan; marine sand and gravel (Asachino Formation).

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PDF 123 · Original p. 102

Map marking the exposure west of Horoiwa Farm

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1「サロマ湖」（紋別4号）。幌岩，幌岩牧場；標高3.1，24.0，3.3，9.7。左縁の工場名は切れている。

English translation

1:50,000 “Lake Saroma” (Mombetsu 4). Horoiwa, Horoiwa Farm; elevations 3.1, 24.0, 3.3, 9.7. Factory name at left edge is cropped.

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PDF 123 · Original p. 102

Exposure with dark peat and pale pyroclastic-flow deposits above marine sand and silt

Original Japanese lettering

No lettering

English translation

No lettering

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PDF 123 · Original p. 102

Column of tephras and peat from Kussharo IV down to marine deposits

Original Japanese lettering

尺度0，1，2m。上から：屈斜路火砕流堆積物(KP)IV；Pink；泥炭；腐植質シルト；登栄床火山灰；泥炭；腐植質シルト；幌岩火山灰；紋別火山灰-1［水中堆積］；生痕を含む砂・シルト。

English translation

Scale 0, 1, 2 m. From top: Kussharo pyroclastic-flow deposits (KP) IV; Pink; peat; humic silt; Toetoko volcanic ash; peat; humic silt; Horoiwa volcanic ash; Mombetsu volcanic ash-1 [deposited under water]; sand and silt containing trace fossils.

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PDF 124 · Original p. 103

Map locating the exposure at Kaisei, Kitami City

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1「北見」（北見2号）。開成，サントンエイ〔地図原表記〕；標高210.8，215，189。

English translation

1:50,000 “Kitami” (Kitami 2). Kaisei, サントンエイ [original map lettering]; elevations 210.8, 215, 189.

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PDF 124 · Original p. 103

Column of AWT, AUP, KP V, KP IV with photograph of KP V over AUP

Original Japanese lettering

尺度0，10m。上から：屈斜路火砕流堆積物(KP)IV；Pink ash；火山灰土；屈斜路火砕流堆積物(KP)V；AUPの風化部；阿寒上部火砕流堆積物(AUP)；火山豆石を含む火山灰；阿寒溶結凝灰岩（AWT：非溶結）；砂。画像内本文と文献は本文に収録済。

English translation

Scale 0, 10 m. From top: Kussharo pyroclastic-flow deposits (KP) IV; Pink ash; volcanic-ash soil; Kussharo pyroclastic-flow deposits (KP) V; weathered part of AUP; Akan Upper Pyroclastic-flow Deposits (AUP); volcanic ash containing accretionary lapilli; Akan Welded Tuff (AWT: nonwelded); sand. Embedded prose and references are included in the main text.

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PDF 125 · Original p. 104

Older and younger dune sections and a peat tephra column using Tokoro I–IV, with two location maps at upper right

Original Japanese lettering

二地図とも2.5万分の1「常呂」（網走16号-3）。上図：サロマ湖，常呂遺跡，鐺沸；標高1.8，1.6。下図：岐阜；標高等5，5，6。 トコロ海岸砂丘列の南北断面図とC地点の柱状図（遠藤・上杉,1972；遠藤,1984）。凡例I：トコロ火山灰I；II：同II；III：同III；IV：同IV。左挿図：III，IV。中央挿図上から：クロスナ層（旧期）；III；II；I；クロスナ層（新期）。断面：新砂丘；旧砂丘；新期砂州；旧期砂州。標高0，10，20m；水平尺度0，100，200m。右柱：IV；III；泥炭層；II；I。深度0，0.5，2m（中間省略記号）。画像上部の本文・文献は本文に復元済。

English translation

Both maps: 1:25,000 “Tokoro” (Abashiri 16-3). Upper map: Lake Saroma, Tokoro archaeological site, Tofutsu; elevations 1.8, 1.6. Lower map: Gifu; elevation and other figures 5, 5, 6. North–south cross-section of the Tokoro coastal dune belt and column at locality C (Endo and Uesugi, 1972; Endo, 1984). Key: I, Tokoro volcanic ash I; II, ash II; III, ash III; IV, ash IV. Left inset: III, IV. Central inset, from top: kurosuna (black-sand) layer (older); III; II; I; kurosuna layer (younger). Section: younger dunes; older dunes; younger sandbar; older sandbar. Elevation 0, 10, 20 m; horizontal scale 0, 100, 200 m. Right column: IV; III; peat; II; I. Depth 0, 0.5, 2 m (break symbol in between). Embedded prose and references above have been restored in the main text.

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PDF 126 · Original p. 105

Map locating ridge-top outcrop A and valley-facing outcrop B at Konan

Original Japanese lettering

A；B；500m；2.5万分の1「札弦」（斜里6号-3）。等高線数字120，100，80。

English translation

A; B; 500 m; 1:25,000 “Sattsuru” (Shari 6-3). Contour figures 120, 100, 80.

p126_214.png

PDF 126 · Original p. 105

Composite column with Kussharo and Mashu sources on opposite sides, ages, and widespread-tephra markers

Original Japanese lettering

屈斜路系テフラ／摩周系テフラ。上から順に、右＝摩周系・左＝屈斜路系：

English translation

Kussharo-derived tephras / Mashu-derived tephras. In descending order, right=Mashu-derived and left=Kussharo-derived:

WTfl-1・WTfl-2、Kpfl-I — 末尾の細字lとIの字形が紛らわしいため原図に近い表記を保持。本文はSpfa-1/2、図はSpfa-I/II。

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PDF 127 · Original p. 106

Map locating the roadside ditch west of Kaiyo

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「武佐」（斜里3号-1）。開陽，元開陽，南開陽。標高95，90，89，83.5，91。

English translation

1:25,000 “Musa” (Shari 3-1). Kaiyo, Motokaiyo, Minamikaiyo. Elevations 95, 90, 89, 83.5, 91.

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PDF 127 · Original p. 106

Section of Ma-k frost-heave hummocks and a small gully overlain by Ma-g, h, i and Ma-f

Original Japanese lettering

SW；NE。深度0，1，2m；水平距離0，1，2，3m。上から：Ma-f pumice；Ma-g,h,i；Ma-k；Ma-l pumice。1972年8月観察。

English translation

SW; NE. Depth 0, 1, 2 m; horizontal distance 0, 1, 2, 3 m. From top, original lettering: Ma-f pumice; Ma-g,h,i; Ma-k; Ma-l pumice. Observed in August 1972.

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PDF 128 · Original p. 107

Location map near Higashimokoto and correlated columns of the Kutcharo and Akan pyroclastic-flow deposits

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：5万分の1『小清水』（斜里9号）；5万分の1『藻琴山』（斜里10号）；東藻琴，新富，上東，東一号，東二号，東三号，東四号，東基線；46.8，42，130.1．全体柱状図（上から）：KP I，砂礫層，A，KP V，AUP，B，KP VI，KP VII，C，KP VIII；スケール10m，0．A（上から）：KP I-KSr；alternation of airfall ash and pumice；Spfa-1；Kpfa-II；Kpfa-III；砂礫層；KP V；スケール5m，0．B（上から）：KP V；AUP；basal ash with accretionary lapilli；KP VI．C（上から）：KP VI；Kpfa-VI；KP VII．

English translation

Map: 1:50,000 ‘Koshimizu’ (Shari sheet 9); 1:50,000 ‘Mokotoyama’ (Shari sheet 10); Higashimokoto, Shintomi (新富), Kamihigashi (上東), Higashi-Ichigo (東一号), Higashi-Nigo (東二号), Higashi-Sango (東三号), Higashi-Yongo (東四号), Higashi-Kisen (東基線); 46.8, 42, 130.1. General column, from top: KP I, sand and gravel bed, A, KP V, AUP, B, KP VI, KP VII, C, KP VIII; scale 10m, 0. A, from top: KP I-KSr; alternation of airfall ash and pumice; Spfa-1; Kpfa-II; Kpfa-III; sand and gravel bed; KP V; scale 5m, 0. B, from top: KP V; AUP; basal ash with accretionary lapilli; KP VI. C, from top: KP VI; Kpfa-VI; KP VII.

位置図の微小な一部地形図文字と標高は判読不明。本文を含む切り出し画像の本文はページ本文に清書済み。

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PDF 129 · Original p. 108

Barasan coastal location map, section of valley-filling peat and tephra, and stratigraphic column with radiocarbon ages

Original Japanese lettering

地図：2.5万分の1『床丹』（標津12号-3，16号-1）；本別海；茨；8.5．断面図：0m，1；Ko-c1，Ko-c2，Ta-a；Yausubetsu ash；Ma-d；Ma-g～j；Ma-l；Kpfl-I．柱状図：m，0，1，2，3；Ko-c1，Ta-a；Ko-c2；Yausubetsu；2420±110；Ma-d；6200±220；Ma-g；Ma-h；Ma-i；Ma-j；Ma-l；11960±250；12790±290；14270±400；Upper Barasan Peat Layer；Lower Barasan Peat Layer．

English translation

Map: 1:25,000 ‘Tokotan’ (Shibetsu sheets 12-3 and 16-1); Honbetsukai (本別海); 茨 [partial place label]; 8.5. Section: 0m, 1; Ko-c1, Ko-c2, Ta-a; Yausubetsu ash; Ma-d; Ma-g–j; Ma-l; Kpfl-I. Column: m, 0, 1, 2, 3; Ko-c1, Ta-a; Ko-c2; Yausubetsu; 2420±110; Ma-d; 6200±220; Ma-g; Ma-h; Ma-i; Ma-j; Ma-l; 11960±250; 12790±290; 14270±400; Upper Barasan Peat Layer; Lower Barasan Peat Layer.

地図の微小文字には判読不明箇所がある。

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PDF 130 · Original p. 109

Location map of Biruwa-genya and the comparison exposure to the north-northwest

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『屈斜路湖』（斜里11号）；石狩別；美留和；びるわ；美留和原野；釧網本線；釧路川；140，126，124.9，121.9，125.2，120；■；矢印．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Kutcharoko’ (Shari sheet 11); Ishikaribetsu (石狩別); Biruwa; Biruwa-genya; Senmo Main Line; Kushiro River; 140, 126, 124.9, 121.9, 125.2, 120; ■; arrow.

一部の地図内微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 130 · Original p. 109

Column showing Ta-a, Ko-c₂, Ma-b, and B-Tm in peat

Original Japanese lettering

Ta-a；Ko-c₂；Ma-b；←B-Tm．左側の目盛に数値表記なし．

English translation

Ta-a; Ko-c₂; Ma-b; ←B-Tm. The scale ticks on the left have no numerical labels.

p130_221.png

PDF 130 · Original p. 109

Outcrop sketch of Mashu and Atosanupuri pyroclastic-flow deposits at the north-northwestern ■ site

Original Japanese lettering

0；5m；Ta-a，Ko-c₂；Ma-b；Ma-f (pfl)；Ma-k；Ats fl．

English translation

0; 5m; Ta-a, Ko-c₂; Ma-b; Ma-f (pfl); Ma-k; Ats fl.

p131_222.png

PDF 131 · Original p. 110

Location map of the road-cut exposure at Kikusui, Nakashunbetsu

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『標津』（標津15号）；中春別；西十三線；西十四線；南十一号；南十二号；南十三号；39，44.3，40.5，38.2；矢印．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Shibetsu’ (Shibetsu sheet 15); Nakashunbetsu; Nishi-Jusan-sen; Nishi-Juyon-sen; Minami-Juichi-go; Minami-Juni-go; Minami-Jusan-go; 39, 44.3, 40.5, 38.2; arrow.

地図の微小文字の一部は判読不明。

p131_223.png

PDF 131 · Original p. 110

Nakashunbetsu, Chanai, and Mashu tephra groups and ancient dune deposits exposed along a southwest-to-northeast road-cut slope

Original Japanese lettering

SW；NE；新期火山灰層（<4ka）；Ma（6-10ka）；Ml（10-14ka）；Ch；Nu（<30ka；Nu-g/h：22ka）；D1；D2；Nu-n1；Nu-p3；Nl-a；法面の高さは約15m；1985年8月撮影．

English translation

SW; NE; younger volcanic-ash beds (<4ka); Ma (6-10ka); Ml (10-14ka); Ch; Nu (<30ka; Nu-g/h: 22ka); D1; D2; Nu-n1; Nu-p3; Nl-a; cut-slope height approximately 15m; photographed in August 1985.

p132_224.png

PDF 132 · Original p. 111

Location map of the Izumikawa exposure

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『磯分内』（斜里8号）；西風連川；133.0；矢印．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Isobunnai’ (磯分内; Shari sheet 8); Nishi-Furen River (西風連川); 133.0; arrow.

地図の一部の微小文字は判読不明。

p132_225.png

PDF 132 · Original p. 111

Photograph of the Izumikawa tephra outcrop and stratigraphic column from Kutcharo Pyroclastic-flow Deposit IV to Mashu tephras

Original Japanese lettering

柱状図（上から）：2m，0；摩周テフラ層；上部中春別火山灰層；KSr?；不整合；黒色降下スコリア/岩片/火山灰互層；Aso-4火山灰；不整合；洞爺火山灰；屈斜路火砕流堆積物（KP）IV．写真に文字注記なし．

English translation

Column, from top: 2m, 0; Mashu tephra beds; Upper Nakashunbetsu ash beds; KSr?; unconformity; alternating black scoria-fall/lithic-fragment/ash beds; Aso-4 ash; unconformity; Toya ash; Kutcharo Pyroclastic-flow Deposit (KP) IV. The photograph has no textual annotations.

p133_226.png

PDF 133 · Original p. 112

Location map of Zaimokucho and geological map of eastern Kushiro City

Original Japanese lettering

地形図：5万分の1『釧路』（標津15号）；釧路市；釧路大橋；松浦町；共栄大通；旭橋；旭町；材木町；貝塚；東釧路貝塚；ひがしくしろ；春採；武佐；錦町；北大通；末広町；幣舞橋；幣舞町；春採川；太平洋炭鉱；32.7．地質図：図2 釧路市東部の地質図；ひがしくしろ；別；貝塚町；材木町；城山町；永住町；釧路川；旭橋；① Loc1，②，③，④，⑤；凡例1，2，3，4，5，6：①～⑤．

English translation

Topographic map: 1:50,000 ‘Kushiro’ (Shibetsu sheet 15); Kushiro City; Kushiro Ohashi; Matsuuracho; Kyoei-odori; Asahibashi; Asahicho; Zaimokucho; Kaizuka; Higashi-Kushiro shell mound; Higashi-Kushiro; Harutori; Musa; Nishikicho; Kita-odori; Suehirocho; Nusamaibashi; Nusamaicho; Harutori River; Taiheiyo coal mine; 32.7. Geological map: Fig. 2, geological map of eastern Kushiro City; Higashi-Kushiro; 別 [partial label]; Kaizukacho; Zaimokucho; Shiroyamacho; 永住町 [place name]; Kushiro River; Asahibashi; ① Loc1, ②, ③, ④, ⑤; legend 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6: ①–⑤.

地形図内の微小文字には判読不明箇所がある。永住町の読みは未確認のため日本語保持。

p133_227.png

PDF 133 · Original p. 112

Sketch of stratigraphy and unconformities at Zaimokucho exposure ③

Original Japanese lettering

③；Ks；Ot；Si；Tk；1，2，3，4．凡例は本文に収録．

English translation

③; Ks; Ot; Si; Tk; 1, 2, 3, 4. The legend is reproduced in the page text.

p134_228.png

PDF 134 · Original p. 113

Sketch showing the stratigraphy of exposures ④ and ⑤ and ages exceeding 45,400 B.P. and 44,010 B.P.

Original Japanese lettering

④；⑤；Ot；Si；Tk；>45,400 B.P；>44,010 B.P；G.H；m；30，20，10，0；凡例5，6，7，8；1975年10月．

English translation

④; ⑤; Ot; Si; Tk; >45,400 B.P; >44,010 B.P; G.H; m; 30, 20, 10, 0; legend 5, 6, 7, 8; October 1975.

p135_229.png

PDF 135 · Original p. 114

Location map of the Kuchoro ash-bed exposure on the upper Osotsubetsu River

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『弟子屈』（斜里12号）；オソツベツ川；256.2；221.9；200；矢印．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Teshikaga’ (Shari sheet 12); Osotsubetsu River; 256.2; 221.9; 200; arrow.

地図の微小数字の一部は判読不明。

p135_230.png

PDF 135 · Original p. 114

Column of the upper Kuchoro ash beds and outcrop photograph indicating R1 and R2 ash beds

Original Japanese lettering

5m；0；R2（2cm）；R1（65cm）；降下スコリア；砂；降下軽石；火山灰土；砂礫；写真：R2，R1．

English translation

5m; 0; R2 (2cm); R1 (65cm); scoria-fall deposit; sand; pumice-fall deposit; volcanic-ash soil; sand and gravel; photograph: R2, R1.

p136_231.png

PDF 136 · Original p. 115

Location map of Takanegahara and column indicating Ta-a, possible B-Tm beds, and a possible Ohachidaira-derived tephra

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：2.5万分の1『白雲岳』（旭川3号-1）；大雪山（ヌタプカウシペ）；高根ケ原；1704；1757；1567；矢印．柱状図：cm；0，10，20，30，40，50；腐植；樽前a（Ta-a）；白頭山苫小牧（B-Tm）?；白頭山苫小牧（B-Tm）?；御鉢平起源テフラ?；砂礫．

English translation

Location map: 1:25,000 ‘Hakuundake’ (Asahikawa sheet 3-1); Daisetsuzan (Nutapkaushipe); Takanegahara; 1704; 1757; 1567; arrow. Column: cm; 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50; humus; Tarumai-a (Ta-a); Baitoushan–Tomakomai (B-Tm)?; Baitoushan–Tomakomai (B-Tm)?; Ohachidaira-derived tephra?; sand and gravel.

p137_232.png

PDF 137 · Original p. 116

Location map of the exposure at Kyowa, Shimosahoro

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『新得』（夕張岳2号）；清水町；下佐幌；下佐幌協和；下佐幌新生；人舞；人舞川橋；172.5；142.8；175.1；164.3；140；矢印．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Shintoku’ (Yubaridake sheet 2); Shimizu Town; Shimosahoro; Shimosahoro Kyowa; Shimosahoro Shinsei; Hitomai; Hitomai River bridge; 172.5; 142.8; 175.1; 164.3; 140; arrow.

地図の微小文字の一部は判読不明。

p137_233.png

PDF 137 · Original p. 116

Section of relict gravelly patterned ground and Tarumai tephras along the Nissho Road

Original Japanese lettering

W；N；E；縦目盛0，1，2m；横目盛1，2，3；層番号1，2，3，4，6，7；日勝道路の化石礫質構造土．

English translation

W; N; E; vertical scale 0, 1, 2m; horizontal scale 1, 2, 3; unit numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7; relict gravelly patterned ground along the Nissho Road.

p138_234.png

PDF 138 · Original p. 117

Location map of the exposure below the first viewpoint on the Nissho Road

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『御影』（夕張岳3号）；日勝スキー場；日勝第一展望台；パンケヌーシ川；500；700；矢印．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Mikage’ (Yubaridake sheet 3); Nissho ski area; first Nissho viewpoint; Pankenushi River (パンケヌーシ川); 500; 700; arrow.

地図内の一部微小文字は判読不明。

p138_235.png

PDF 138 · Original p. 117

Two sections of wedge-shaped structures and involutions in tephra beds at Shimosahoro

Original Japanese lettering

NW；SW；SE；上図の縦目盛m，0～8；下図の縦目盛m，0～7；凡例1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8．

English translation

NW; SW; SE; upper section vertical scale m, 0–8; lower section vertical scale m, 0–7; legend 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

p139_236.png

PDF 139 · Original p. 118

Location map of the exposure on the Kamisarabetsu III surface at Takushin

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『上札内』（広尾13号）；拓進；267；248；200；矢印．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Kamisatsunai’ (Hiroo sheet 13); Takushin (拓進); 267; 248; 200; arrow.

地図内の微小な一部文字は判読不明。

p139_237.png

PDF 139 · Original p. 118

Stratigraphic column showing tephras from Toya through Shikotsu-1

Original Japanese lettering

上から：ボール状火山灰土；Spfa-1；Kt-1；ZM；Kt-3；OP-II；Ssfa；Kt-6；Aso-4；Kt-8；Toya．スケール0，1m．

English translation

From top: ball-shaped volcanic-ash soil; Spfa-1; Kt-1; ZM; Kt-3; OP-II; Ssfa; Kt-6; Aso-4; Kt-8; Toya. Scale 0, 1m.

p139_238.png

PDF 139 · Original p. 118

Takushin outcrop photograph showing terrace gravel and overlying tephra beds

Original Japanese lettering

Spfa-1；Kt-1；Kt-6；段丘礫層．

English translation

Spfa-1; Kt-1; Kt-6; terrace gravel.

p140_239.png

PDF 140 · Original p. 119

Location map of the Naumann's elephant fossil exposure at Bansei, Churui Village

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『晩成』（広尾9号-2）；晩成；94；40；矢印．

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Bansei’ (Hiroo sheet 9-2); Bansei; 94; 40; arrow.

地図の一部微小文字は判読不明。

p140_240.png

PDF 140 · Original p. 119

Outcrop photographed in May 1990, showing Kc-Hb, sand and gravel, and bluish-grey silt

Original Japanese lettering

W；N；E；←Kc-Hb；砂礫；青灰色シルト；1990年5月撮影．

English translation

W; N; E; ←Kc-Hb; sand and gravel; bluish-grey silt; photographed in May 1990.

p141_241.png

PDF 141 · Original p. 120

Hiroo location map, column of thick terrace gravel with intercalated tephras, and distribution map of the ビラオトリ Formation

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：5万分の1『広尾』（広尾11号）；楽古橋；十勝港；大丸山；丸山丘；楽古川；35.9；■；矢印．柱状図：m；0，10，20，30；Spfa 1；Kt-1；Silty volcanic ash；Fill gravel；NP=RPIII；Kt-6；HPI；Aso-4；Kt-8；Toya；tertiary marine gravel．分布図：帯広；池田；札内川；猿別川；十勝川；歴舟川；大樹；ホロカヤントウ沼；楽古川；広尾；日高山脈；0，20km；凡例1，2，3．

English translation

Location map: 1:50,000 ‘Hiroo’ (Hiroo sheet 11); Rakko Bridge; Tokachi Port; Daimaruyama; Maruyama hill; Rakko River; 35.9; ■; arrow. Column: m; 0, 10, 20, 30; Spfa 1; Kt-1; Silty volcanic ash; Fill gravel; NP=RPIII; Kt-6; HPI; Aso-4; Kt-8; Toya; tertiary marine gravel. Distribution map: Obihiro; Ikeda; Satsunai River; Sarubetsu River; Tokachi River; Rekifune River (printed 歴舟川); Taiki; Lake Horokayanto; Rakko River; Hiroo; Hidaka Mountains; 0, 20km; legend 1, 2, 3.

地形図内の一部微小文字は判読不明。

p142_242.png

PDF 142 · Original p. 121

Location map of the exposure on the upper valley-side slope of the Pankezawa River

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『幌内』（札幌4号-1）；パンケ沢川；158；243；矢印．

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Horonai’ (Sapporo sheet 4-1); Pankezawa River; 158; 243; arrow.

端部の標高数字と一部微小文字は判読不明。

p142_243.png

PDF 142 · Original p. 121

Outcrop section showing drag structures in the Kawabata Formation and overlying ash with En-a grains and Ta-d

Original Japanese lettering

SW；NW；NE；En-aの軽石粒；細粒火山灰層；腐植層；Ta-d；角礫層；基盤層（川端層）；崩積土；縦目盛0，5，10m；横スケール0，5m．

English translation

SW; NW; NE; En-a pumice grains; fine ash bed; humic bed; Ta-d; angular gravel bed; basement (Kawabata Formation); colluvium; vertical scale 0, 5, 10m; horizontal scale 0, 5m.

p143_244.png

PDF 143 · Original p. 122

Location map of the exposure at 源武, Hayakita Town

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『遠浅』（札幌4号-4）；源武；源武踏切；36；24；30；8.7；2.7；矢印．

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Toasa’ (Sapporo sheet 4-4); 源武; 源武 railway crossing; 36; 24; 30; 8.7; 2.7; arrow.

源武の読みは未確認。一部微小文字は判読不明。

p143_245.png

PDF 143 · Original p. 122

Sketch of Shikotsu- and Kuttara-derived tephras overlying the Atsuma and Hongo formations

Original Japanese lettering

En-a；Spfa-1；Kt-1；Ssfa；Toya；本郷層；厚真層．

English translation

En-a; Spfa-1; Kt-1; Ssfa; Toya; Hongo Formation; Atsuma Formation.

p144_246.png

PDF 144 · Original p. 123

Tephra column at 源武 comparing the bed names of 山縣 (1994) and 春日井 et al. (1980)

Original Japanese lettering

山縣（1994）；春日井ほか（1980）．上から：Ta-a；Ta-b；Ta-c；Ta-d；En-a；Spfa1；Kt-1（Spfa1）；Nj-Os；Kt-Tk（Spfa3）；Kt-3（Spfa4）；Spfa5；Kt-Hy（粘土化帯）；Spfa6；Spfa7；Spfa8；Spfa9；Spfa10；Yo-Mk（Mpfa1）；Kt-5（Mpfa2b）；Kt-6（Mpfa3）；Toya（Aafa2）；Kc-Hb（Aafa3）；Aafa4．目盛：0（m），1，2，3，4，5．凡例：降下軽石堆積物；降下スコリア堆積物；降下火山灰；黒色火山灰土；褐色火山灰土；泥炭；粘土．

English translation

山縣 (1994); 春日井 et al. (1980). From top: Ta-a; Ta-b; Ta-c; Ta-d; En-a; Spfa1; Kt-1 (Spfa1); Nj-Os; Kt-Tk (Spfa3); Kt-3 (Spfa4); Spfa5; Kt-Hy (argillized zone); Spfa6; Spfa7; Spfa8; Spfa9; Spfa10; Yo-Mk (Mpfa1); Kt-5 (Mpfa2b); Kt-6 (Mpfa3); Toya (Aafa2); Kc-Hb (Aafa3); Aafa4. Scale: 0 (m), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Legend: pumice-fall deposit; scoria-fall deposit; ash-fall deposit; black volcanic-ash soil; brown volcanic-ash soil; peat; clay.

図のKt-1右側はSpfa1と印刷されているように見える。翌ページ本文の対照Spfa2=Kt-1とは異なるが原著表記を保持。

p145_247.png

PDF 145 · Original p. 124

Location map of the exposure in Shiomi Third District

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『鵡川』（苫小牧1号-2）；汐見三区；33.5；35；32；39.5；矢印．

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Mukawa’ (Tomakomai sheet 1-2); Shiomi Third District; 33.5; 35; 32; 39.5; arrow.

一部の地図内微小文字は判読不明。

p145_249.png

PDF 145 · Original p. 124

Shiomi Third District outcrop sketch showing tephras from Shikotsu-1 through Kuttara-7

Original Japanese lettering

盛り土；Spfa-1；Kt-1；Z-M；Kt-3；Ssfa；Yo-Mk；Kt-6；Kt-7；0m，1，2．

English translation

Artificial fill; Spfa-1; Kt-1; Z-M; Kt-3; Ssfa; Yo-Mk; Kt-6; Kt-7; 0m, 1, 2.

p146_250.png

PDF 146 · Original p. 125

Location map of the E9 archaeological-site exposure on the left bank of the Yukanboshi River

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『恵庭』（札幌7号）；ユカンボシ川；長都；大島居；サッポロビールていえん；南十四号；南十五号；東五線；17.5；13.5；19.3；14.4；24；13；矢印．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Eniwa’ (Sapporo sheet 7); Yukanboshi River; Osatsu (長都); 大島居 [place label]; Sapporo Beer Teien; Minami-Juyon-go; Minami-Jugo-go; Higashi-Gosen; 17.5; 13.5; 19.3; 14.4; 24; 13; arrow.

大島居の読みは未確認。一部微小地図文字は判読不明。

p146_251.png

PDF 146 · Original p. 125

Yukanboshi E9 section with composite column, radiocarbon ages, archaeological periods, and tephras

Original Japanese lettering

SW；NW；NE；総合柱状図：Yuk-1（Ta-a）；Yuk-2；Yuk-3；Yuk-4；Yuk-5；Yuk-6；Yuk-7；210±50yrs.BP（KSU-2271）；1,270±50yrs.BP（KSU-2272）；3,150±190yrs.BP（KSU-2273）；5,210±200yrs.BP（KSU-2274）；（擦文初頭・続縄文）；（縄文晩期）；（縄文後期）；0，20cm．断面：Ta-aを剥いだ面；Yuk-2；Yuk-3（B-Tm）；Yuk-4（Ta-c1）；Yuk-5（Ta-c2）；Yuk-6；Yuk-7；（用水路）；m，16，15；横スケール0，1m．凡例：表土；泥炭；火山灰；ローム；スコリア；火山砂；軽石；岩片；砂；礫．

English translation

SW; NW; NE; composite column: Yuk-1 (Ta-a); Yuk-2; Yuk-3; Yuk-4; Yuk-5; Yuk-6; Yuk-7; 210±50yrs.BP (KSU-2271); 1,270±50yrs.BP (KSU-2272); 3,150±190yrs.BP (KSU-2273); 5,210±200yrs.BP (KSU-2274); (earliest Satsumon/Epi-Jomon); (Final Jomon); (Late Jomon); 0, 20cm. Section: surface with Ta-a removed; Yuk-2; Yuk-3 (B-Tm); Yuk-4 (Ta-c1); Yuk-5 (Ta-c2); Yuk-6; Yuk-7; (irrigation channel); m, 16, 15; horizontal scale 0, 1m. Legend: topsoil; peat; volcanic ash; loam; scoria; volcanic sand; pumice; lithic fragments; sand; gravel.

p147_252.png

PDF 147 · Original p. 126

Location map of exposures A and B near Cape Ranpoge

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『登別温泉』（苫小牧10号-3，14号-1・2）；登別東町五丁目；登別本町二丁目；登別本町三丁目；登別；登別港；富浦町二丁目；富浦町一丁目；蘭法華岬；125.1；102；70；65；61.5；8.1；A；B．

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Noboribetsu Onsen’ (Tomakomai sheets 10-3, 14-1 and 14-2); Noboribetsu-Higashicho 5-chome; Noboribetsu-Honcho 2-chome; Noboribetsu-Honcho 3-chome; Noboribetsu; Noboribetsu Port; Tomiuracho 2-chome; Tomiuracho 1-chome; Cape Ranpoge (蘭法華岬); 125.1; 102; 70; 65; 61.5; 8.1; A; B.

地図内の一部微小文字は判読不明。

p147_253.png

PDF 147 · Original p. 126

Cape Ranpoge outcrop sketch showing tephras and welded portions from Kuttara-6 through Shikotsu

Original Japanese lettering

Spfl・Spfa-1；Kt-1；Kt-3；Kt-Hy；Kt-4；Kt-5；Kt-6；スケールm，0，10．

English translation

Spfl・Spfa-1; Kt-1; Kt-3; Kt-Hy; Kt-4; Kt-5; Kt-6; scale m, 0, 10.

p148_254.png

PDF 148 · Original p. 127

Correlated stratigraphic columns of Cape Ranpoge exposures A and B with a depositional-facies legend

Original Japanese lettering

A（上から）：Usu-b；Spfl；Spfa-1；Kt-1；Nj-Os；Kt-2；Kt-Tk；Kt-3；Kt-Hy；Kt-4．B（上から）：Kt-3；Kt-Hy；Kt-4；Kt-5；Kt-6．スケール0（m），1，2，3，4，5．凡例：降下軽石；降下スコリア；降下火山灰；火砕流堆積物；溶結凝灰岩；サージ堆積物；黒色火山灰土；褐色火山灰土．

English translation

A, from top: Usu-b; Spfl; Spfa-1; Kt-1; Nj-Os; Kt-2; Kt-Tk; Kt-3; Kt-Hy; Kt-4. B, from top: Kt-3; Kt-Hy; Kt-4; Kt-5; Kt-6. Scale 0 (m), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Legend: pumice fall; scoria fall; ash fall; pyroclastic-flow deposit; welded tuff; surge deposit; black volcanic-ash soil; brown volcanic-ash soil.

p149_255.png

PDF 149 · Original p. 128

Location map of the exposure at 更進, Kyogoku Town

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『喜茂別』（岩内4号-1）；更進；353；357；367；365；373.9；320；300；矢印．

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Kimobetsu’ (Iwanai sheet 4-1); 更進; 353; 357; 367; 365; 373.9; 320; 300; arrow.

更進の読みは未検証。一部微小地図文字は判読不明。

p149_256.png

PDF 149 · Original p. 128

Column showing younger and older Yotei tephras, tephras from other volcanoes, and age determinations

Original Japanese lettering

羊蹄火山以外のテフラ；羊蹄火山新期テフラ層；羊蹄火山古期テフラ層；5,930±180y.B.P.；Yo-1；15,000±400y.B.P.；Yo-2；25,270±1,080y.B.P.；27,280±1,410y.B.P.；Yo-3；Spfl；42,000±1,800y.B.P.；Spfa-1；しおがま状軽石；Yo-Ks；Kt-2；m，0，5．凡例：loam；pumice；scoria；ash；sand；lithic fragment．

English translation

Tephra from volcanoes other than Yotei; younger Yotei tephra beds; older Yotei tephra beds; 5,930±180y.B.P.; Yo-1; 15,000±400y.B.P.; Yo-2; 25,270±1,080y.B.P.; 27,280±1,410y.B.P.; Yo-3; Spfl; 42,000±1,800y.B.P.; Spfa-1; shiogama-like pumice (しおがま状軽石); Yo-Ks; Kt-2; m, 0, 5. Legend: loam; pumice; scoria; ash; sand; lithic fragment.

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PDF 150 · Original p. 129

Location map of the quarry ■ site at 若生町 and tsunami-deposit ▲ site on the Minami-Usu coast

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『伊達』（室蘭2号-3）；アルトリ岬；南有珠町；若生町；27.5；5；▲；■．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Date’ (Muroran sheet 2-3); Cape Arutori; Minami-Usucho; 若生町; 27.5; 5; ▲; ■.

若生町の読みは未検証。一部地図内微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 150 · Original p. 129

Quarry photograph showing jigsaw cracks in the Zenkoji debris-avalanche deposit

Original Japanese lettering

画像右端に写真クレジットの一部が切り込む。完全な記載は原PDFのキャプションとして本文に収録。岩塊に文字注記なし。

English translation

Part of the photographic credit enters the right edge of the extracted image. The complete credit is reproduced in the page caption from the original PDF. The rock blocks carry no textual annotations.

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PDF 151 · Original p. 130

Location map of Crater 4, Ginnuma crater, and the photographed exposure at Usu summit

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『虻田』（室蘭1号-4）；有珠山；有珠新山；小有珠；大有珠（732）；オガリ山；第4火口；銀沼火口；写真の露頭；東丸山；693；400；300．

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Abuta’ (Muroran sheet 1-4); Usu volcano; Usu-Shinzan; Ko-Usu; O-Usu (732); Ogariyama (オガリ山); Crater 4; Ginnuma crater; photographed exposure; Higashi-Maruyama; 693; 400; 300.

地形図内の一部微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 151 · Original p. 130

Photograph of a gully exposure 50m from Ginnuma crater and column of the 1977–1978 eruptive products

Original Japanese lettering

写真：N，S．柱状図：（m）0，1，2；Sep.12-13；Sep.8；Aug.29；Aug.24；Aug.16, 1978；Aug.7, 1977（Big I）．凡例：混合堆積物；降下火砕物；軽石を含む降下火砕物；火砕サージ（粗粒火山灰主体）；火砕サージ（細粒火山灰主体）；二次堆積物；（単層区分不可）．

English translation

Photograph: N, S. Column: (m) 0, 1, 2; Sep.12-13; Sep.8; Aug.29; Aug.24; Aug.16, 1978; Aug.7, 1977 (Big I). Legend: mixed deposits; pyroclastic fallout; pumice-bearing pyroclastic fallout; pyroclastic surge (chiefly coarse ash); pyroclastic surge (chiefly fine ash); reworked deposits; (individual beds cannot be distinguished).

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PDF 152 · Original p. 131

Washinoki location map, photograph of the 1640 Ko-d pumice fall and tsunami gravel, and stratigraphic sketch of the sea cliff

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：2.5万分の1『渡島森』（室蘭8号-3）；函館本線，湯崎，鷲の木町，50.6，25.8。写真注記（上から）：盛土；Ko-d降下軽石層；津波堆積物（粗円礫）；1640年以前の土壌。層序スケッチ：標尺（m）0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7。上から盛土，Ko-d降下軽石層，津波堆積物，B-Tm，Ng，Ko-h1，Ko-h2，段丘礫層，Z-M，段丘礫層。Ng：濁川カルデラ噴出物。Z-M：銭亀－女那川火山灰。画像に含まれる本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

Location map: 1:25,000 ‘Oshima-Mori’ (Muroran sheet 8-3); Hakodate Main Line, 湯崎, Washinoki Town, 50.6, 25.8. Photograph annotations, top to bottom: Artificial fill; Ko-d pumice-fall bed; tsunami deposit (coarse rounded gravel); soil predating 1640. Stratigraphic sketch: Scale (m) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Top to bottom: Artificial fill; Ko-d pumice-fall bed; tsunami deposit; B-Tm; Ng; Ko-h1; Ko-h2; terrace gravel; Z-M; terrace gravel. Ng: Nigorikawa caldera eruptive products. Z-M: 銭亀－女那川 volcanic ash. The body-text fragment included in this image is transcribed and translated in the main text.

位置図の微小文字の一部は判読不明。

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PDF 153 · Original p. 132

Location map of the Nigorikawa tephra exposure in Fujimi Town, Mori

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『渡島森』（室蘭8号-3）。富士見町，万太郎川，鳥崎町，鳥崎橋。16.2，50，20。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Oshima-Mori’ (Muroran sheet 8-3). Fujimi Town; Mantaro River (万太郎川); Torisaki Town (鳥崎町); Torisaki Bridge (鳥崎橋). 16.2, 50, 20.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 153 · Original p. 132

Ko-i, Ko-h, Ng-c, Ng-b, Ng-a fall, and Ng-a flow overlying terrace deposits

Original Japanese lettering

原図英文：Ng-a flow; Ng-a fall; Ng-b; Ng-c; Ko-h; Ko-i; Terrace deposits。標尺：0，1m。

English translation

Original English lettering: Ng-a flow; Ng-a fall; Ng-b; Ng-c; Ko-h; Ko-i; Terrace deposits. Scale: 0, 1m.

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PDF 154 · Original p. 133

Location map of the sea cliffs near the Shirinashi River mouth

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『松屋崎』（室蘭4号-3）；鹿部町，尻無川，砂原町。1.3，4.6，10。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Matsuya Cape’ (Muroran sheet 4-3); Shikabe Town, Shirinashi River, Sawara Town. 1.3, 4.6, 10.

地図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 154 · Original p. 133

Outcrop sketch at the Shirinashi River mouth and charred tree trunk within Ko-h2 pumice fall

Original Japanese lettering

Ko-a，Ko-c1，Ko-c2，砂丘，くるみ坂岩屑なだれ堆積物，Ko-d，新期土石流堆積物，Ko-d flow，Ko-d fall，古期土石流堆積物，Ko-h2 flow，Ko-h2 fall，炭化樹幹（埋没林），駒ヶ岳岩屑なだれ堆積物。写真内に文字なし。

English translation

Ko-a; Ko-c1; Ko-c2; dune; Kurumizaka debris-avalanche deposits; Ko-d; younger debris-flow deposits; Ko-d flow; Ko-d fall; older debris-flow deposits; Ko-h2 flow; Ko-h2 fall; charred tree trunks (buried forest); Komagatake debris-avalanche deposits. No lettering within the photograph.

p155_266.png

PDF 155 · Original p. 134

Location map at 小安 and tephra correlation columns for 子安 and 女那川

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：2.5万分の1『汐首』（函館2号-2），小安町，高屋川，58，27，4.8。柱状図の地点名：子安，女那川。標尺：0，1，2m。層名：Toya。凡例：降下軽石堆積物；火砕流堆積物；降下火山灰；褐色火山灰土；シルト層；礫層。画像の本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

Location map: 1:25,000 ‘Shiokubi’ (Hakodate sheet 2-2); 小安 Town; 高屋 River; 58, 27, 4.8. Column localities: 子安, 女那川. Scale: 0, 1, 2m. Bed label: Toya. Legend: Pumice-fall deposits; pyroclastic-flow deposits; ash fall; brown volcanic-ash soil; silt bed; gravel bed. The body-text fragment included in the image is transcribed and translated in the main text.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

本文の地名は小安，柱状図は子安と印刷されている。

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PDF 156 · Original p. 135

Location map of the sand pit at Tazawa, Esashi

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『江差』（函館13号-2・4）；田沢町，尾山町，おみなろ学園，岩，7.1，76，4.8。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Esashi’ (Hakodate sheets 13-2 and 13-4); Tazawa Town, Oyama Town (尾山町), Ominaro School (おみなろ学園), rock, 7.1, 76, 4.8.

地図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 156 · Original p. 135

Sketch and photograph of Holocene dunes, kurosuna beds, B-Tm, Ko-d, and Os-a on the Oma surface

Original Japanese lettering

標尺（m）：0，5，10，15。層名（上から）：新砂丘III，Os-a，Ko-d，クロスナ層（新期），新砂丘II，B-Tm，クロスナ層（旧期），旧砂丘，クロボク，陣屋ローム層。図と写真両方にOs-a，Ko-d，B-Tmの対応線。

English translation

Scale (m): 0, 5, 10, 15. Bed labels, top to bottom: Younger dune III; Os-a; Ko-d; kurosuna bed (younger); younger dune II; B-Tm; kurosuna bed (older); older dune; kuroboku soil; Jinya Loam. Os-a, Ko-d, and B-Tm are linked between the sketch and photograph.

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PDF 157 · Original p. 136

Location map of the Nanatsunuma Cirque exposure

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『幌尻岳』（夕張岳8号-2）；戸蔦別岳，七ッ沼カール，1959，1753，1766。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Poroshiri-dake’ (Yubari-dake sheet 8-2); Tottabetsu-dake (戸蔦別岳); Nanatsunuma Cirque; 1959, 1753, 1766.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 157 · Original p. 136

Overall exposure showing upper outwash A, lower ground moraine B, and an arrow indicating En-a

Original Japanese lettering

写真内：A，B。白矢印：En-aのクロスラミナが発達する部分。破線：上部層と下部層の境界。

English translation

Within photograph: A, B. White arrow: Area of developed En-a cross-lamination. Dashed line: Boundary between the upper and lower beds.

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PDF 159 · Original p. 138

Shariki location map, dune column and enlarged detail containing B-Tm, and photograph of younger and ancient dunes

Original Japanese lettering

地図：2.5万分の1『車力』（青森11号-3）；車力，形池，32.6，55.2，7.3。柱状図：標尺m，0，5，10，15；新砂丘，古砂丘。拡大図：標尺m，8，9；B-Tm，黒土層，褐色ローム層。写真注記：新砂丘，古砂丘。画像中の本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

Map: 1:25,000 ‘Shariki’ (Aomori sheet 11-3); Shariki; 形 Pond; 32.6, 55.2, 7.3. Column: Scale m, 0, 5, 10, 15; younger dunes; ancient dunes. Enlarged detail: Scale m, 8, 9; B-Tm; black soil bed; brown loam. Photograph annotations: Younger dunes; ancient dunes. The body-text fragment within the image is transcribed and translated in the main text.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 160 · Original p. 139

Location map of the peat exposure north of Dekijima

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『菰槌』（青森11号-4）；大滝沼，ベンセ沼，23.9，12.5，20，15。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘菰槌’ (Aomori sheet 11-4); Otaki Pond (大滝沼); Bense Pond (ベンセ沼); 23.9, 12.5, 20, 15.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 160 · Original p. 139

Sea-cliff exposure of peat and buried forest, labeled Dekijima Formation and Tateoka Formation

Original Japanese lettering

出来島層；館岡層。

English translation

Dekijima Formation; Tateoka Formation.

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PDF 161 · Original p. 140

Location map of the Sannai-Maruyama site

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『青森西部』（青森8号-1）；三内，沢部，沖館川，三内霊園，青森養護学校，資材工場，陸上自衛隊青森駐屯地，7.8，20。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Western Aomori’ (Aomori sheet 8-1); Sannai; 沢部; Okidate River; Sannai Cemetery; Aomori special-needs school; materials factory; Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Aomori camp; 7.8, 20.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 161 · Original p. 140

Central Valley trench showing pre-development woody peat, sand containing beech, post-development refuse, and a chestnut mound

Original Japanese lettering

開発後の廃棄物層；クリ塚；開発前の木本泥炭層；ブナを包含する砂層。

English translation

Refuse layer after development; chestnut mound; woody peat bed before development; sand bed containing beech.

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PDF 162 · Original p. 141

Location map around Mitateyama and photograph of Towada tephras above Takadate terrace deposits

Original Japanese lettering

地図：5万分の1『八戸』（八戸9号）；桔梗野，長者久保，陸上自衛隊駐とん地，八戸飛行場，海上自衛隊航空隊，見立山，河原木，高館，38.5，38.4，44.3，11.7。写真：To-HP，To-BP1，To-GP，To-RP，To-OP，To-AP，Toya，高館段丘堆積物，宮内崇裕撮影。画像の本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

Map: 1:50,000 ‘Hachinohe’ (Hachinohe sheet 9); Kikyonohara (桔梗野); 長者久保; Ground Self-Defense Force camp; Hachinohe airfield; Maritime Self-Defense Force air unit; Mitateyama; Kawaragi; Takadate; 38.5, 38.4, 44.3, 11.7. Photograph: To-HP; To-BP1; To-GP; To-RP; To-OP; To-AP; Toya; Takadate terrace deposits; photograph by 宮内崇裕. The body-text fragment within the image is transcribed and translated in the main text.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 162 · Original p. 141

Tephra column from Holocene deposits down to the 天久岱 surface

Original Japanese lettering

上から：完新世テフラ（省略），To-HP，AT，To-BP1，To-GP，To-RP，To-OP，To-AP，Toya・Aso-4，高館面，ヌカミソ，シロベタ，天久岱面。数値標尺なし。

English translation

Top to bottom: Holocene tephras (omitted); To-HP; AT; To-BP1; To-GP; To-RP; To-OP; To-AP; Toya · Aso-4; Takadate surface; Nukamiso; Shirobeta; 天久岱 surface. No numerical scale.

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PDF 163 · Original p. 142

Location map of the quarry above the Shin-Daishaka Tunnel

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1『青森西部』（青森8号）；奥羽本線，新大釈迦トンネル，大釈迦川，大釈迦，外崎山開拓，98.5，74.0，55.9。

English translation

1:50,000 ‘Western Aomori’ (Aomori sheet 8); Ou Main Line; Shin-Daishaka Tunnel; Daishaka River; Daishaka; 外崎山 settlement; 98.5, 74.0, 55.9.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 163 · Original p. 142

Outcrop sketch of stratified pumice and ash and two Hakkoda pyroclastic-flow deposits above shell-bearing sand

Original Japanese lettering

標尺：0，30m。火砕流堆積物；水底に堆積した軽石・火山灰（黄色の砂礫層）；テフラを含まない含貝化石砂層。

English translation

Scale: 0, 30m. Pyroclastic-flow deposits; pumice and volcanic ash deposited on the water bottom (yellow sand-and-gravel beds); shell-bearing sand without tephra.

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PDF 164 · Original p. 143

Location map of the slope-deposit exposure at the 川内蝦夷窪 archaeological site

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『陸中川内』（盛岡7号-3）；川内，閉伊川，芳門，453，310.2，317.30，396，309.2，513，56。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Rikuchu-川内’ (Morioka sheet 7-3); 川内; Hei River; 芳門; 453, 310.2, 317.30, 396, 309.2, 513, 56.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 164 · Original p. 143

East–west section showing beds I–III, Ak-K, and terrace gravel of the 川内 Terrace and gentle piedmont slope

Original Japanese lettering

W，E；I，II，III；A，B，C，D，E，F，G。水平標尺：20，10，0m。垂直標尺：0，10，20m。（Higaki，1988）。本文による対応：A＝川内段丘より一段高い段丘砂礫層，B＝川内段丘堆積物，D＝Ak-K，G＝I層末端。C，E，Fの説明は原著本文にない。

English translation

W, E; I, II, III; A, B, C, D, E, F, G. Horizontal scale: 20, 10, 0m. Vertical scale: 0, 10, 20m. (Higaki, 1988). Correspondences stated in the text: A, terrace sand and gravel one level above the 川内 Terrace; B, 川内 terrace deposits; D, Ak-K; G, toe of bed I. C, E, and F are not defined in the original body text.

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PDF 165 · Original p. 144

Location map near Hinoto and Yokomichizawa

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『鷹高』（盛岡14号-1）；桂沢，横道沢，上日戸，岩洞第一発電所，465，519，404.2。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘鷹高’ (Morioka sheet 14-1); Katsurazawa; Yokomichizawa; Upper Hinoto; Gandō No. 1 power station; 465, 519, 404.2.

地図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 165 · Original p. 144

Outcrop sketch showing solifluction lobes in T2S and BS2 and deformed beds beneath Toya

Original Japanese lettering

SE，NW；Ak-Y，Ak-K，BS2，T1S，T2S，Kw，Is1S，Toya，Is2S，S1P，S2P，YkP，Bedrock。垂直標尺m：0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7。水平標尺：0，5，10，15。

English translation

Original lettering: SE, NW; Ak-Y; Ak-K; BS2; T1S; T2S; Kw; Is1S; Toya; Is2S; S1P; S2P; YkP; Bedrock. Vertical scale m: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Horizontal scale: 0, 5, 10, 15.

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PDF 166 · Original p. 145

Location maps around 外野沢, 雌子, and 大渡 where stage 6 involutions remain exposed

Original Japanese lettering

上図：2.5万分の1『沼宮内』（盛岡13号-1）；外野沢，雌子，318，284，309，271。下図：2.5万分の1『陸中南山形』（盛岡9号-4）；大渡，455，567，561，685。黒四角で露頭を表示。

English translation

Upper map: 1:25,000 ‘Numakunai’ (Morioka sheet 13-1); 外野沢; 雌子; 318, 284, 309, 271. Lower map: 1:25,000 ‘Rikuchu-Minami-Yamagata’ (Morioka sheet 9-4); 大渡; 455, 567, 561, 685. Black squares indicate exposures.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 166 · Original p. 145

Continuation of the outcrop sketch showing large deformation in S1P, S2P, and the dark band

Original Japanese lettering

NE；T2S；S1P；S2P。水平標尺：20，25，30，35m。

English translation

NE; T2S; S1P; S2P. Horizontal scale: 20, 25, 30, 35m.

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PDF 167 · Original p. 146

Location map of the reverse-fault exposure in Ishidoriya Town

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『花巻温泉』（盛岡16号-3）；小屋場，瀬川，大瀬川，133，133.8，122，170。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Hanamaki Hot Springs’ (Morioka sheet 16-3); 小屋場; Segawa; Osegawa; 133, 133.8, 122, 170.

地図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 167 · Original p. 146

Northern outcrop sketch showing thrusting of the Shiwa Formation and the age of the humic layer

Original Japanese lettering

原図英文：L1 Terrace Gravel（2か所），Shiwa Formation，Talus，Fault Plane，N。N38°W 28°S；N30°W 38°S；8220±130（TK878）。原PDFの水平目盛：60，40，20。

English translation

Original English lettering: L1 Terrace Gravel (twice); Shiwa Formation; Talus; Fault Plane; N. N38°W 28°S; N30°W 38°S; 8220±130 (TK878). Horizontal ticks visible in the original PDF: 60, 40, 20.

p167_288.png

PDF 167 · Original p. 146

Southern outcrop sketch showing the Shiwa Formation above L1 terrace gravel and the fault plane

Original Japanese lettering

原図英文：S，L1 Terrace Gravel（2か所），Shiwa Formation。N14°W 29°W。垂直標尺m：0，5，10。水平標尺：100m，80，60。

English translation

Original English lettering: S; L1 Terrace Gravel (twice); Shiwa Formation. N14°W 29°W. Vertical scale m: 0, 5, 10. Horizontal scale: 100m, 80, 60.

p168_289.png

PDF 168 · Original p. 147

Location map of the Iwate tephra reference exposure at Koma-Shinden

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『渋民』（盛岡13号-2）；葉ノ木谷地，新田，花，袋，256，276，217。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Shibutami’ (Morioka sheet 13-2); 葉ノ木谷地; Shinden; 花; 袋; 256, 276, 217.

地図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 168 · Original p. 147

1978 outcrop sketch showing numerous marker tephras and debris-avalanche deposits within the 外山, Shibutami, and Wakare volcanic ashes

Original Japanese lettering

W，E。岩手－滝沢第2スコリア（IW-T2S）；岩手－滝沢第1スコリア（IW-T1S）；十和田－大不動火砕流堆積物（To-Of）；岩手－平笠岩屑なだれ堆積物（IW-HDA）；十和田－八戸火砕流堆積物（To-H）；分火山灰（WVA）；渋民火山灰（SiVA）；岩手－生出黒色火山灰（IW-Od）；岩手－雪浦軽石（Iw-Y）；岩手－加賀内第1スコリア（IW-K1S）；同第2（IW-K2S）；同第3（IW-K3S）；十和田－川口軽石（To-K）；岩手－水沢スコリア（IW-MS）；岩手－石花第1スコリア（IW-Is1S）；葉の木谷地第1白色火山灰のある層準（Hn1WA）（Aso-4），但しこの部分では現在のところ未確認；外山火山灰（SoVA）上部；葉の木谷地第2白色火山灰（Hn2WA）（Toya）；岩手－石花第2スコリア（IW-Is2S）；岩手－大更第1スコリア（IW-Ob1S）；岩手－四十四田第1軽石（IW-S1P）；岩手－四十四田第2軽石（IW-S2P）；外山火山灰（SoVA）下部；新田第1スコリア（Sn1S）；石花第3スコリア（Is3S）。

English translation

W, E. Iwate-Takizawa No. 2 scoria (IW-T2S); Iwate-Takizawa No. 1 scoria (IW-T1S); Towada-Ofudo pyroclastic-flow deposits (To-Of); Iwate-Hirakasa debris-avalanche deposits (IW-HDA); Towada-Hachinohe pyroclastic-flow deposits (To-H); Wakare volcanic ash (WVA); Shibutami volcanic ash (SiVA); Iwate-Oide black volcanic ash (IW-Od); Iwate-雪浦 Pumice (Iw-Y); Iwate-加賀内 No. 1 scoria (IW-K1S), No. 2 (IW-K2S), and No. 3 (IW-K3S); Towada-Kawaguchi Pumice (To-K); Iwate-Mizusawa scoria (IW-MS); Iwate-石花 No. 1 scoria (IW-Is1S); horizon containing 葉の木谷地 No. 1 white ash (Hn1WA) (Aso-4), but not yet confirmed in this part; upper 外山 volcanic ash (SoVA); 葉の木谷地 No. 2 white ash (Hn2WA) (Toya); Iwate-石花 No. 2 scoria (IW-Is2S); Iwate-Obuke No. 1 scoria (IW-Ob1S); Iwate-Shijushida No. 1 pumice (IW-S1P); Iwate-Shijushida No. 2 pumice (IW-S2P); lower 外山 volcanic ash (SoVA); Shinden No. 1 scoria (Sn1S); 石花 No. 3 scoria (Is3S).

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PDF 169 · Original p. 148

Location map of the solifluction-lobe exposure near Oide

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『渋民』（盛岡13号-2）；古河川原，244，323.3，272。画像の本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Shibutami’ (Morioka sheet 13-2); 古河川原; 244, 323.3, 272. The body-text fragment included in the image is transcribed and translated in the main text.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

p169_292.png

PDF 169 · Original p. 148

Solifluction-lobe section showing folds in T1S, T2S, and dark bands

Original Japanese lettering

SW，NWN，NE；KSc，Ak-Y，Ak-K，T1S，T2S，BS1，AT，BS2（SiCr1），BS3（SiCr2），Iw-Od。垂直標尺m：0，2，4，6，8。水平標尺m：0，2，4，6，8，10，12，14。

English translation

SW, NWN, NE; KSc; Ak-Y; Ak-K; T1S; T2S; BS1; AT; BS2 (SiCr1); BS3 (SiCr2); Iw-Od. Vertical scale m: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. Horizontal scale m: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14.

p170_293.png

PDF 170 · Original p. 149

Location map of the Middle Pleistocene tephra exposure in Koromogawa Village

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『古戸』（一関14号-4）；張山，小路，150，79。画像の本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘古戸’ (Ichinoseki sheet 14-4); 張山; 小路; 150, 79. The body-text fragment included in the image is transcribed and translated in the main text.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

p170_294.png

PDF 170 · Original p. 149

Photograph of Hn1P, H2P, A1P, A2P, and terrace gravel

Original Japanese lettering

Hn1P，H2P，A1P，A2P，gravel。

English translation

Original English lettering: Hn1P; H2P; A1P; A2P; gravel.

p170_295.png

PDF 170 · Original p. 149

Column showing T2 terrace gravel and nine marker pumice beds

Original Japanese lettering

標尺：0，5，10m。上から：土壌，Hn1P，Hn2P，H1P，Hn3P，Hn4P，H2P，クラック，A0P，A1P，A2P，シルト，段丘礫層（T2面），基盤。

English translation

Scale: 0, 5, 10m. Top to bottom: Soil; Hn1P; Hn2P; H1P; Hn3P; Hn4P; H2P; cracks; A0P; A1P; A2P; silt; terrace gravel (T2 surface); substrate.

p171_296.png

PDF 171 · Original p. 150

Location map of the Akita-Komagatake tephra reference exposure in 下シズノ沢

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『秋田駒ヶ岳』（秋田2号-3）；2.5万分の1『国見温泉』（秋田2号-3）；荒沢，1064，109[判読不明]。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Akita-Komagatake’ (Akita sheet 2-3); 1:25,000 ‘Kunimi Hot Springs’ (Akita sheet 2-3); Arasawa; 1064; 109[illegible].

上側の標高109…の末尾とその他の微小文字は判読不明。

原図の二つの地図名の号番号はともに秋田2号-3と印刷。

p171_297.png

PDF 171 · Original p. 150

Outcrop sketch of pumice, scoria, white phreatic-explosion deposits, and reworked beds in 下シズノ沢

Original Japanese lettering

N，S；2m。テフラの二次堆積物（礫まじり）；秋田駒ケ岳－下位の白色水蒸気爆発堆積物；秋田駒ケ岳－上位の白色水蒸気爆発堆積物；秋田駒ケ岳－堀切軽石（Ak-HP）；下シズノ沢；秋田駒ケ岳－荒沢軽石（Ak-AP）；火山豆石；渋民火山灰（SiVA）；十和田－八戸火砕流堆積物（To-H）；秋田駒ケ岳－小岩井軽石（Ak-K）；秋田駒ケ岳－柳沢軽石（Ak-Y）。凡例：黒色砂状火山灰，スコリア，軽石・スコリア，軽石，黒色土，風化帯，細粒火山灰，火山豆石。

English translation

N, S; 2m. Reworked tephra deposits (with gravel); Akita-Komagatake lower white phreatic-explosion deposits; Akita-Komagatake upper white phreatic-explosion deposits; Akita-Komagatake-Horikiri Pumice (Ak-HP); 下シズノ沢; Akita-Komagatake-Arasawa Pumice (Ak-AP); accretionary lapilli; Shibutami volcanic ash (SiVA); Towada-Hachinohe pyroclastic-flow deposits (To-H); Akita-Komagatake-Koiwai Pumice (Ak-K); Akita-Komagatake-Yanagisawa Pumice (Ak-Y). Legend: Black sandy volcanic ash; scoria; pumice and scoria; pumice; black soil; weathered zone; fine ash; accretionary lapilli.

p172_298.png

PDF 172 · Original p. 151

Location map of the Oyu site and riverbank exposure, photograph of Kemanai pyroclastic-flow deposits, and section showing To-a draping the cliff

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：2.5万分の1『毛馬内』（弘前3号-3）；関上，大川原，大湯環状列石，大湯川，139.6，154.0，183，128。写真注記：毛馬内火砕流堆積物。断面図：m a.s.l.，130，140，150，160，170，180；大湯遺跡，遺物包含層，十和田八戸火砕流堆積物，To-a，毛馬内火砕流堆積物（pfl）。画像の本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

Location map: 1:25,000 ‘Kemanai’ (Hirosaki sheet 3-3); 関上; Okawara; Oyu Stone Circles; Oyu River; 139.6, 154.0, 183, 128. Photograph annotation: Kemanai pyroclastic-flow deposits. Section: m a.s.l.; 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180; Oyu site; artifact-bearing layer; Towada-Hachinohe pyroclastic-flow deposits; To-a; Kemanai pyroclastic-flow deposits (pfl). The body-text fragment in the image is transcribed and translated in the main text.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

p173_299.png

PDF 173 · Original p. 152

Location map of the sea cliffs west of Oibana Cape

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『船越』（男鹿1号-2）；生鼻崎，百崎，68.9，91，117.5，92，109。

English translation

1:25,000 ‘Funakoshi’ (Oga sheet 1-2); Oibana Cape; 百崎; 68.9, 91, 117.5, 92, 109.

地図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

p173_300.png

PDF 173 · Original p. 152

Western portion of the Kitaura–Wakimoto sea-cliff section, ash-marker beds, and paleomagnetic and foraminiferal records

Original Japanese lettering

W。水平標尺：200m，100，0。垂直標尺：0，50m。火山灰鍵層：OH-3，OH-4，OH-5，Hm1，OT06，OT07，OT08，OT09，OH-6，OT10，OT11（Hm4），OT12（Hm3），OT13（Hm2），OT14（Hm1），OT15，OH-7，OH-1，OH-2，OT16，OT17，OT18（Oz5），OT19（Oz3），OT20。注：Oz1～5，Hm1～7は北里（1975）の火山灰鍵層。原図英文：Matuyama Reversed Epoch。下段の学名はNeogloboquadri…で次頁に続く。

English translation

W. Horizontal scale: 200m, 100, 0. Vertical scale: 0, 50m. Ash-marker beds: OH-3; OH-4; OH-5; Hm1; OT06; OT07; OT08; OT09; OH-6; OT10; OT11 (Hm4); OT12 (Hm3); OT13 (Hm2); OT14 (Hm1); OT15; OH-7; OH-1; OH-2; OT16; OT17; OT18 (Oz5); OT19 (Oz3); OT20. Note: Oz1–5 and Hm1–7 are the ash-marker beds of 北里 (1975). Original English: Matuyama Reversed Epoch. The genus at the bottom ends ‘Neogloboquadri…’ and continues on the next page.

図は次頁の東側断面・凡例・学名へ続く。

p174_301.png

PDF 174 · Original p. 153

Eastern section at Oibana Cape showing the Kitaura–Wakimoto boundary, Brunhes normal polarity, and foraminiferal coiling direction

Original Japanese lettering

E，生鼻崎；OT21（Oz2），OT22，OH-1，OT23，OT24，OT25，OT26（Oz1），OT27，OT28，OT29，OT30，OT31，OT32，OT33，OB-1，OB-2，OB-3，OB-4，OB-5，OB-6。北浦層；脇本層。標尺：0，50，100m。原図英文：Brunhes Normal Epoch。学名の右側部分：…na pachyderma（前頁のNeogloboquadri…に続く）。左巻；右巻。凡例：1シルト岩，2砂泥互層，3細互層，4砂岩層，5厚砂岩層，6礫岩，7シルト岩ブロック，8火山灰。

English translation

E; Oibana Cape; OT21 (Oz2); OT22; OH-1; OT23; OT24; OT25; OT26 (Oz1); OT27; OT28; OT29; OT30; OT31; OT32; OT33; OB-1; OB-2; OB-3; OB-4; OB-5; OB-6. Kitaura Formation; Wakimoto Formation. Scale: 0, 50, 100m. Original English: Brunhes Normal Epoch. Right-hand portion of the scientific name: ‘…na pachyderma,’ continuing ‘Neogloboquadri…’ on the preceding page. Sinistral coiling; dextral coiling. Legend: 1 siltstone; 2 sand–mud alternations; 3 thin alternations; 4 sandstone beds; 5 thick sandstone beds; 6 conglomerate; 7 siltstone blocks; 8 volcanic ash.

図はPDF173ページの西側部分から続く。

p175_302.png

PDF 175 · Original p. 154

Location maps and columns at 樽沢 and 福米沢, and stratigraphic diagram of Katanishi members, Toya, and SK rafted pumice

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：地点1，地点2，樽沢，福米沢，花。2.5万分の1『寒風山』（男鹿1号-1）（上下2回）；2.5万分の1『大潟』（深浦4号-1・2）。数値64，12，51.8，61，21，3.8。柱状図：地点1，Toya，角間崎泥部層，潟西層，樽沢砂部層；地点2，SK，本内砂部層，潟西層。標尺m：0，5。層序図：層序，潟西層，本内砂部層，SK漂流軽石，角間崎泥部層，松木沢砂礫部層，Toya，釜谷地相，樽沢砂部層，先潟西層。凡例：風化土壌，泥流堆積物，火山灰，漂流軽石，泥，砂，礫，ラミナ，生痕。画像の本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

Location maps: Site 1; site 2; 樽沢; 福米沢; 花. 1:25,000 ‘Kanpuzan’ (Oga sheet 1-1), shown twice; 1:25,000 ‘Ogata’ (Fukaura sheets 4-1 and 4-2). Values: 64, 12, 51.8, 61, 21, 3.8. Columns: Site 1; Toya; Kakumazaki Mud Member; Katanishi Formation; 樽沢 Sand Member. Site 2; SK; 本内 Sand Member; Katanishi Formation. Scale m: 0, 5. Stratigraphic diagram: Stratigraphy; Katanishi Formation; 本内 Sand Member; SK rafted pumice; Kakumazaki Mud Member; Matsukizawa Sand and Gravel Member; Toya; 釜谷地 facies; 樽沢 Sand Member; pre-Katanishi deposits. Legend: Weathered soil; mudflow deposits; volcanic ash; rafted pumice; mud; sand; gravel; laminae; trace fossils. The body-text fragment in the image is transcribed and translated in the main text.

位置図のその他の微小文字は判読不明。

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PDF 176 · Original p. 155

Map locating the outcrop southwest of Kitataki at Onikobe

Original Japanese lettering

北滝沢；485；581；550；539。2.5万分の1『鬼首』（新庄8号-2）。黒矢印は露頭位置。

English translation

Kitataki-sawa (北滝沢); 485; 581; 550; 539. 1:25,000 ‘Onikobe’ (Shinjō sheet 8-2). The black arrow marks the outcrop.

p176_304.png

PDF 176 · Original p. 155

Outcrop photograph showing subaqueously deposited Toya, On-Pm 1, Nr-N, and Aso-4

Original Japanese lettering

W；E。上からAso-4，Nr-N，On-Pm 1，Toya。1989年8月撮影。

English translation

W; E. From top to bottom: Aso-4, Nr-N, On-Pm 1, Toya. Photographed in August 1989.

p177_305.png

PDF 177 · Original p. 156

Map locating the 安沢 outcrop and the observation site for Naruko-Yanagisawa tephra

Original Japanese lettering

上野目；安養寺；砂田；安沢；山際；104；118；86；77。2.5万分の1『荒谷』（仙台1号-2）。黒矢印：本露頭。■：本文に記載するNr-Yの観察地点。

English translation

上野目; 安養寺; 砂田; 安沢; 山際; 104; 118; 86; 77. 1:25,000 ‘荒谷’ (Sendai sheet 1-2). Black arrow: the present outcrop. ■: the Nr-Y observation site described in the text.

p177_306.png

PDF 177 · Original p. 156

Outcrop sketch showing the relationships among Smfl, N₃P, MgA, IwP, N₂, and N₃

Original Japanese lettering

左部：N₃，N₂。中央：IwP，MgA，N₃P，Smfl。右部：N₂，N₃。

English translation

Left: N₃, N₂. Center: IwP, MgA, N₃P, Smfl. Right: N₂, N₃.

p178_307.png

PDF 178 · Original p. 160

Location map of 土浮山 and columnar section of the Zao-Togatta Volcanic Sand Bed Group

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：土浮山；309；313。2.5万分の1『遠刈田』（仙台8号-3）。柱状図：m；0；2m。上からZ-To5，Z-To4，AT，Z-To3，Z-To2，Za-Kw，Z-To1。観察地点柱状図（原PDFの図直下）。

English translation

Location map: 土浮山; 309; 313. 1:25,000 ‘Togatta’ (Sendai sheet 8-3). Columnar section: m; 0; 2 m. From top to bottom: Z-To5, Z-To4, AT, Z-To3, Z-To2, Za-Kw, Z-To1. Columnar section at the observation site (printed immediately below the figure in the source PDF).

p179_308.png

PDF 179 · Original p. 161

Map locating the outcrop and the Asama-tephra detection site on the southeastern slope of Gassan

Original Japanese lettering

月山；月山神社；頂上小屋；胎内岩；鍛冶小屋；1979.5；1767；1798；1816；1650。2.5万分の1『月山』（仙台13号-4）。矢印：本露頭。■：本文の浅間テフラ検出地点。

English translation

Gassan; Gassan Shrine (月山神社); summit hut; 胎内岩; 鍛冶小屋; 1979.5; 1767; 1798; 1816; 1650. 1:25,000 ‘Gassan’ (Sendai sheet 13-4). Arrow: the present outcrop. ■: the Asama-tephra detection site described in the text.

p179_309.png

PDF 179 · Original p. 161

Section showing To-a, To-Cu, K-Ah, and calibrated ages in alpine soils on Gassan

Original Japanese lettering

NNW；SSE；縦横各10cm。To-a；1,870cal yr BP (N-6687)；腐植を含むローム質土層；砂礫層；2,960cal yr BP (N-6688)；埋没黒泥層；To-Cu；K-Ah；埋没泥炭層；砂礫層。図下注の下縁は抽出画像で切れるが原PDFでは全文を確認：1993年7月記載／土壌試料の¹⁴C年代はCALIB3.0 (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993)で暦年に補正した。

English translation

NNW; SSE; horizontal and vertical scales each 10 cm. To-a; 1,870 cal yr BP (N-6687); humus-bearing loamy soil layer; sand and gravel; 2,960 cal yr BP (N-6688); buried muck horizon; To-Cu; K-Ah; buried peat horizon; sand and gravel. The lower edge of the note is clipped in the extracted image, but the full text is confirmed in the PDF: described in July 1993; the ¹⁴C ages of soil samples were calibrated to calendar years using CALIB3.0 (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993).

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PDF 180 · Original p. 162

Tephra column at Naganeyama and outcrop location map in the Obanazawa Basin

Original Japanese lettering

柱状図：NE←，→SW；露頭柱状図；m；0，2，4。上からクロボク；黄白色軽石（Hj）；黄褐色ローム；暗緑色粗粒火山灰（bi, cumに富む）；黄褐色ローム；黄褐色軽石流堆積物（マトリックスが多い）。位置図：北町；横町；新町；中の段；藤袋；原；二藤袋；長根山；高宮農場；108.5；115.4；117；128；134；175.2；150。2.5万分の1『尾花沢』（仙台9号-1）。矢印は本露頭，■と●は本文記載の地点。地図内の橋名2箇所は［判読不明］。画像左上の本文と文献片は本文に収録。

English translation

Column: NE ←, → SW; outcrop columnar section; m; 0, 2, 4. From top to bottom: kuroboku soil; yellowish-white pumice (Hj); yellowish-brown loam; dark green coarse ash (rich in bi, cum); yellowish-brown loam; yellowish-brown pumice-flow deposit (matrix-rich). Map: 北町; 横町; 新町; 中の段; 藤袋; 原; 二藤袋; Naganeyama (長根山); 高宮農場; 108.5; 115.4; 117; 128; 134; 175.2; 150. 1:25,000 ‘Obanazawa’ (Sendai sheet 9-1). The arrow marks the present outcrop; ■ and ● mark the sites described in the text. Two bridge names on the map are [illegible]. Fragments of body text and references at upper left are included in the main text.

位置図の橋名2箇所 — 文字が細かく一部潰れていて全名の確定が困難。

p181_311.png

PDF 181 · Original p. 163

Map locating the outcrop on the southern slope of Mount Iide

Original Japanese lettering

飯豊山；山都町；飯豊山神社；御室小屋；877；2105；2038；2102；1767。2.5万分の1『飯豊山』（新潟5号-2）。矢印は露頭位置。上端の本文片は本文に収録。

English translation

Mount Iide; Yamato Town; Iide Shrine; 御室小屋; 877; 2105; 2038; 2102; 1767. 1:25,000 ‘Mount Iide’ (Niigata sheet 5-2). Arrow: outcrop location. The body-text fragment along the top edge is included in the main text.

p181_312.png

PDF 181 · Original p. 163

Photograph of peaty and muck-rich soil on Mount Iide, with To-Cu and K-Ah marked

Original Japanese lettering

←To-Cu；←K-Ah；K-Ah→。1987年9月撮影。

English translation

←To-Cu; ←K-Ah; K-Ah→. Photographed in September 1987.

p181_313.png

PDF 181 · Original p. 163

Column showing mineral soil, peaty to muck-rich soil, To-Cu, K-Ah, and angular gravel

Original Japanese lettering

cm；0；50。上から鉱質土層；泥炭―黒泥質土壌；To-Cu；K-Ah；角礫層。図直下に柱状図（西条・小松原，1988を改変）。

English translation

cm; 0; 50. From top to bottom: mineral soil layer; peaty to muck-rich soil; To-Cu; K-Ah; angular gravel. Caption immediately below: columnar section (modified from 西条・小松原, 1988).

p182_314.png

PDF 182 · Original p. 165

Hayama location map and outcrop sketch, with a schematic tephra column for the Bandai area

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：牧場；見祢山；会津藩主松平家；土津神社；葉山；諏訪前；町；葉坂；722；685；680.8；675；559。2.5万分の1『猪苗代』（福島15号-4）。矢印と■は本文記載の露頭。地図の微小な注記の一部は［判読不明］。スケッチ：SE，SW，NW；3m；HP2；On-Ng；Aso-4。模式柱状図：0，5m；HP1，HP2。上から沼沢沼沢湖テフラ（Nm-NM）；浅間二口火山灰；姶良Tnテフラ（AT）；大山倉吉テフラ；沼沢金山テフラ（Nm-KN）；赤城追貝テフラ（Ag-OK）；御岳奈川テフラ（On-Ng）；阿蘇4テフラ（Aso-4）。凡例：黒ボク；火山灰土；クラック帯；軽石ラピリ；火山砂；火山シルト；発泡の悪いラピリ。鈴木ほか（1985）による。葉山集落での露頭スケッチと磐梯周辺のテフラの模式柱状図。左上に含まれる本文・文献片は本文に収録。

English translation

Map: pasture; 見祢山; Matsudaira family, lords of the Aizu domain; Hanitsu Shrine (土津神社); Hayama; 諏訪前; 町; 葉坂; 722; 685; 680.8; 675; 559. 1:25,000 ‘Inawashiro’ (Fukushima sheet 15-4). The arrow and ■ mark the outcrops described in the text. Some very small map annotations are [illegible]. Sketch: SE, SW, NW; 3 m; HP2; On-Ng; Aso-4. Schematic column: 0, 5 m; HP1, HP2. From top to bottom: Numazawa-Numazawako tephra (Nm-NM); Asama-Futakuchi Ash; Aira-Tn tephra (AT); Daisen-Kurayoshi tephra; Numazawa-Kanayama tephra (Nm-KN); Akagi-Okkai tephra (Ag-OK); Ontake-Nagawa tephra (On-Ng); Aso-4 tephra (Aso-4). Legend: kuroboku soil; volcanic-ash soil; cracked zone; pumice lapilli; volcanic sand; volcanic silt; poorly vesiculated lapilli. After 鈴木 et al. (1985). Outcrop sketch at Hayama village and schematic column of tephras around Bandai. The body-text and reference fragments at upper left are included in the main text.

微小な地図注記の一部 — 画素が潰れており判読困難。

p183_315.png

PDF 183 · Original p. 166

Map locating the 金勝寺 and Nagasaka outcrops in Shirakawa City

Original Japanese lettering

長坂；飯沢；金勝寺；365；361；360.0；400；353.2。2.5万分の1『白河』（白河14号-1）。矢印：金勝寺露頭。■：長坂の模式地。

English translation

Nagasaka (長坂); 飯沢; 金勝寺; 365; 361; 360.0; 400; 353.2. 1:25,000 ‘Shirakawa’ (Shirakawa sheet 14-1). Arrow: 金勝寺 outcrop. ■: Nagasaka type locality.

p183_316.png

PDF 183 · Original p. 166

Outcrop photograph of the Nishigō and Ashino pyroclastic-flow deposits and intervening 金勝寺 fallout pyroclastic deposits

Original Japanese lettering

W；NW；N。金勝寺降下火砕堆積物；西郷火砕流堆積物；芦野火砕流堆積物。1996年6月撮影。

English translation

W; NW; N. 金勝寺 fallout pyroclastic deposits; Nishigō pyroclastic-flow deposit; Ashino pyroclastic-flow deposit. Photographed in June 1996.

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PDF 185 · Original p. 168

Chifuri outcrop location map and sketch showing the Ofuji debris-avalanche deposit and tephras

Original Japanese lettering

位置図：千振；豊津；小橋；461；478；469；450；444。2.5万分の1『黒田原』（白河14号-4）。矢印は露頭位置。スケッチ：NE，SE，SW；0，3m；黒土；Ns-Of da；Ns-Os 4；Ag-Nm；On-Pm 1；Nk-MaS。1996年6月スケッチ。那須町千振でのNs-Of da露頭。画像左上の本文・文献片は本文に収録。

English translation

Map: Chifuri; 豊津; 小橋; 461; 478; 469; 450; 444. 1:25,000 ‘Kurodahara’ (Shirakawa sheet 14-4). Arrow: outcrop location. Sketch: NE, SE, SW; 0, 3 m; black soil; Ns-Of da; Ns-Os 4; Ag-Nm; On-Pm 1; Nk-MaS. Sketched in June 1996. Ns-Of da outcrop at Chifuri, Nasu Town. The body-text and reference fragments at upper left are included in the main text.

p186_318.png

PDF 186 · Original p. 169

Location map showing the main Higashiakada outcrop (arrow) and supplementary outcrop near Horihara-machi (■)

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「西那須野」（日光3号-2）。堀原町、東赤田、地方競馬教養センター。標高・等高線の可読値：298、285.6、285.0、280、281.9、272。矢印：主露頭；■：補完露頭。

English translation

1:25,000 Nishinasuno sheet (Nikko sheet 3-2). Horihara-machi (堀原町); Higashiakada; Regional Horse-Racing Training Center. Legible elevations and contours: 298, 285.6, 285.0, 280, 281.9, 272. Arrow: main outcrop; ■: supplementary outcrop.

p186_319.png

PDF 186 · Original p. 169

Several-metre section with labeled tephras from Nikko, Ontake, Aso, Akagi, and Daisen

Original Japanese lettering

方位：NE、SE、SW。層名：Ag-Nm、DKP、On-Ng、Nk-Hg、Aso-4、On-Pm 1、Nk-MaS。スケール：3 m。1992年7月撮影。

English translation

Directions: NE, SE, SW. Layer labels: Ag-Nm, DKP, On-Ng, Nk-Hg, Aso-4, On-Pm 1, Nk-MaS. Scale: 3 m. Photographed in July 1992.

p187_320.png

PDF 187 · Original p. 170

Figure 1, with an arrow locating the outcrop in the hills at Yoshii

Original Japanese lettering

図1。2.5万分の1「佐久山」（白河16号-3）。芳井、下芳井（右端は一部切れる）、権現山。標高・等高線：169、165、227、200、223.8。

English translation

Figure 1. 1:25,000 Sakuyama sheet (Shirakawa sheet 16-3). Yoshii (芳井); Shimo-Yoshii (下芳井; partly cropped at right); Gongen-yama (権現山). Elevations and contours: 169, 165, 227, 200, 223.8.

p187_321.png

PDF 187 · Original p. 170

Plan of the borrow pit showing sections 1–6, tephra outcrop traces, a house, and roads

Original Japanese lettering

断面1：MaS。断面2付近：Og、Nm、TkP、Yt、KdP。断面3：MoP。断面4：Ot.pfl。断面5：SkP、HtB。断面6：HtB。芳井方面（矢印）、犬（民家脇）、方位矢印。1995年10月現在。

English translation

Section 1: MaS. Around section 2: Og, Nm, TkP, Yt, KdP. Section 3: MoP. Section 4: Ot.pfl. Section 5: SkP, HtB. Section 6: HtB. Arrow: toward Yoshii (芳井). Dog beside house; orientation arrow. As of October 1995.

p188_322.png

PDF 188 · Original p. 171

Correlated tephra columns from six sections in the Kitsuregawa Hills, spanning a sequence on the order of 40 m

Original Japanese lettering

黒の横線は指標テフラを示す。左側スケール：0、5、10 m。

断面1と2、2と3、3と4、4と5+6の対応層準を線で接続。

English translation

Black horizontal bars indicate marker tephras. Left-hand scale: 0, 5, 10 m.

Lines connect corresponding horizons between sections 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4, and 4 and 5+6.

p189_323.png

PDF 189 · Original p. 172

Topographic map of western Utsunomiya, with an arrow marking the Kamikake outcrop and ■ marking the supplementary locality

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「宇都宮西部」（宇都宮1号-4）。上欠町、下中村、植木坪、根、亀岡、下街道、姿川、上欠、沓掛、荒針街道（左縁は一部切れる）。標高・等高線：143、140、126、148.2、120、114、110、105。矢印：主露頭；■：補完露頭。

English translation

1:25,000 Utsunomiya-Seibu sheet (Utsunomiya sheet 1-4). Kamikake-machi (上欠町), Shimo-Nakamura (下中村), 植木坪, 根, 亀岡, 下街道, Sugata River (姿川), 上欠, 沓掛, 荒針街道 (partly cropped at left). Elevations and contours: 143, 140, 126, 148.2, 120, 114, 110, 105. Arrow: main outcrop; ■: supplementary outcrop.

p189_324.png

PDF 189 · Original p. 172

Kamikake-machi tephra exposure labeled with Ag-KP, Nk-MaS, and Ag-MzP9 and 10

Original Japanese lettering

Ag-KP（矢印）、Nk-MaS、←Ag-MzP 9・10→。1995年10月撮影。

English translation

Ag-KP (arrow); Nk-MaS; ←Ag-MzP 9 and 10→. Photographed in October 1995.

p190_325.png

PDF 190 · Original p. 173

Topographic map with an arrow locating the type outcrop at Nagasuna on the Naka Upland

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「常陸久慈」（水戸6号-1・3）。長砂、勝田ゴルフ場、宿、高場（地図表記「高」付近）、新原（右上、一部切れる）。等高線・標高の可読値：30、42.5。

English translation

1:25,000 Hitachi-Kuji sheet (Mito sheets 6-1 and 6-3). Nagasuna; Katsuta Golf Course; 宿; 高場 (around the map label 高); 新原 (partly cropped at upper right). Legible contour and elevation values: 30, 42.5.

高場、新原 — 小さな地名文字の一部が図縁で切れており、読みに不確実性がある。

p190_326.png

PDF 190 · Original p. 173

Overview and two close-ups of the Miwa upper, middle, and lower pumice beds

Original Japanese lettering

左拡大像：Miwa-U、Miwa-M（矢印）。右上拡大像：Miwa-L。右下全景：見和層上部層、Miwa-U、Miwa-L（矢印）。

English translation

Left close-up: Miwa-U and Miwa-M (arrows). Upper-right close-up: Miwa-L. Lower-right overview: upper member of the Miwa Formation; Miwa-U and Miwa-L (arrows).

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PDF 191 · Original p. 174

Topographic map with ■ marking the former gravel-quarry exposure south of Yugoya hot spring

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「磯浜」（水戸7号-3）。下入野、湯小屋、後谷。標高・等高線：30、28.8、25、26、28.5。■：露頭。

English translation

1:25,000 Isohama sheet (Mito sheet 7-3). Shimo-Irino; Yugoya; 後谷. Elevations and contours: 30, 28.8, 25, 26, 28.5. ■: outcrop.

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PDF 191 · Original p. 174

Thin MoP layer within gravel, with people providing scale

Original Japanese lettering

見和層中部層。MoP（矢印）。

English translation

Middle member of the Miwa Formation. MoP (arrow).

p191_329.png

PDF 191 · Original p. 174

Close-up of MoP in a sand lens, with a shovel for scale

Original Japanese lettering

MoP。MoPの部位の拡大。

English translation

MoP. Enlargement of the part containing MoP.

p192_330.png

PDF 192 · Original p. 175

Topographic map locating the artificial exposure at Shimo-Oshima in the left-bank Sakuragawa Lowland

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「常陸藤沢」（水戸16号-1）。大形（2箇所）、下大島。標高・等高線：12.5、10、7.6、14、13。矢印：露頭。

English translation

1:25,000 Hitachi-Fujisawa sheet (Mito sheet 16-1). 大形 (two labels); Shimo-Oshima. Elevations and contours: 12.5, 10, 7.6, 14, 13. Arrow: outcrop.

p192_331.png

PDF 192 · Original p. 175

Column of the Shimo-Oshima Formation with eight tephras, geological cross-section of the Sakuragawa Lowland, and ten dated samples

Original Japanese lettering

柱状図（深度m）：0、1、2。上から：SK-7、SK-6、SK-5、SK-4′、SK-4、SK-3、SK-2、SK-1（AT）、SG（BG）。年代採取番号③～⑦を図示。 断面方位：SW、NW、NE。標高目盛m：0、5、10、15、20（左右）。水平スケール：0–250m。桜川低地、柱状図の位置（矢印）、下大島面、矢作面、小田面、桜川。層符号：AT、Ag-KP、Sm、IdU、IdL、SG、TKG、TG、KG。年代採取番号①、②、⑧、⑨、⑩。 凡例：表土、ローム、凝灰質シルト、泥炭、砂、シルト、テフラ、鬼怒川系の礫、有機物、桜川系の礫、材化石。

KG：協和礫層。TG：土浦礫層。SG：下大島礫層（沖積層基底礫層：BG）。TKG：塚田砂礫層（完新統基底礫層：HBG）。Sm：下大島層。IdL：飯田層下部層。IdU：飯田層上部層。AT：姶良Tn火山灰。Ag-KP：赤城鹿沼軽石。鈴木ほか（1993）。

English translation

Column (depth in m): 0, 1, 2. From top downward: SK-7, SK-6, SK-5, SK-4′, SK-4, SK-3, SK-2, SK-1 (AT), SG (BG). Dated-sample positions ③–⑦ are shown. Section directions: SW, NW, NE. Elevation scales, m: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 on both sides. Horizontal scale: 0–250 m. Sakuragawa Lowland; position of column (arrow); Shimo-Oshima surface; Yahagi surface (矢作面); Oda surface; Sakuragawa River. Unit codes: AT, Ag-KP, Sm, IdU, IdL, SG, TKG, TG, KG. Dated-sample positions ①, ②, ⑧, ⑨, ⑩. Legend: topsoil; loam; tuffaceous silt; peat; sand; silt; tephra; gravel of the Kinugawa system; organic matter; gravel of the Sakuragawa system; fossil wood.

KG: Kyowa Gravel (協和礫層). TG: Tsuchiura Gravel. SG: Shimo-Oshima Gravel (basal gravel of the alluvial deposits: BG). TKG: Tsukada Sand and Gravel (basal gravel of the Holocene deposits: HBG). Sm: Shimo-Oshima Formation. IdL: lower member of the Iida Formation. IdU: upper member of the Iida Formation. AT: Aira-Tn volcanic ash. Ag-KP: Akagi-Kanuma Pumice. Suzuki et al. (1993).

抽出画像下端で切れる年代表・凡例 — 原PDFレンダーの下部を拡大実見し、全10年代値と全地層凡例を補完した。

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PDF 193 · Original p. 176

Figure 1 showing the topography and two outcrops north and south of Mizunuma

Original Japanese lettering

図1。2.5万分の1「上野花輪」（宇都宮9号-4）。地点1、地点2（矢印）、水沼、清水、下神山。可読標高・等高線：376、450、400、500、700、600、744。

English translation

Figure 1. 1:25,000 Kozuke-Hanawa sheet (Utsunomiya sheet 9-4). Localities 1 and 2 (arrows); Mizunuma; Shimizu; 下神山. Legible elevations and contours: 376, 450, 400, 500, 700, 600, 744.

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PDF 193 · Original p. 176

Figure 2, a section along an irrigation channel showing layers from Ag-KP to Ag-MzP5

Original Japanese lettering

方位：NW、N、NE。スケール：3m。層名：Ag-KLP、Ag-CLP、Ag-KP、Hr-HP、Ag-UP、Ag-Nm 1、Ag-Nm 2、Ag-MzP 1、Ag-MzP 2、Ag-MzP 3、Ag-MzP 4、Ag-MzP 5。地物：用水路、コンクリート、杉植林、踏み跡。

English translation

Directions: NW, N, NE. Scale: 3 m. Layer labels: Ag-KLP, Ag-CLP, Ag-KP, Hr-HP, Ag-UP, Ag-Nm 1, Ag-Nm 2, Ag-MzP 1, Ag-MzP 2, Ag-MzP 3, Ag-MzP 4, Ag-MzP 5. Features: irrigation channel; concrete; Japanese cedar plantation; footpath.

p194_334.png

PDF 194 · Original p. 177

Stratigraphic columns of two exposures showing Akagi-Mizunuma tephras 1–16 and widespread tephras

Original Japanese lettering

スケール：0、1、2、3 m。

地点1のAg-MzP6下部と地点2のAg-MzP6下部を線で接続。凡例：火山灰土、石質岩片、火山砂、軽石、スコリア、礫層。

English translation

Scale: 0, 1, 2, 3 m.

A line connects the lower part of Ag-MzP6 at localities 1 and 2. Legend: volcanic-ash soil; lithic fragments; volcanic sand; pumice; scoria; gravel.

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PDF 195 · Original p. 178

Topographic map showing the summit of Mount Tairappyo, the exposure arrow, and the supplementary column locality (■)

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「三国峠」（高田4号-3）。平標山、標高1983.7。柱状図位置（■）。1776、平標山の家。

English translation

1:25,000 Mikuni-toge sheet (Takada sheet 4-3). Mount Tairappyo, elevation 1983.7. Position of stratigraphic column (■). 1776; Tairappyo mountain hut.

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PDF 195 · Original p. 178

Section correlating seven tephras in peat with My-Ot and As-T2 at the supplementary locality

Original Japanese lettering

方位：S、W、N。スケール：0–70cm。地層：植被、腐植を含むローム層、泥炭層、砂礫層。テフラ：Hr-FP、As-T1、My-A+As-T3、As-T4、K-Ah、As-T5、As-K。■地点柱状図：My-Ot、As-T2、スケッチと同縮尺。登山道、平標山山頂（右向き矢印）。1995年8月記載。

English translation

Directions: S, W, N. Scale: 0–70 cm. Units: vegetation cover; humus-bearing loam; peat; sand and gravel. Tephras: Hr-FP, As-T1, My-A+As-T3, As-T4, K-Ah, As-T5, As-K. Column at the ■ locality: My-Ot, As-T2; same scale as the sketch. Mountain trail; summit of Mount Tairappyo (rightward arrow). Recorded in August 1995.

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PDF 196 · Original p. 179

Tephra layers I–XI and correlations within roughly 4.5 m of continuous peat

Original Japanese lettering

深度cm：0、50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450。テフラ層（上から）：I（As-A）、II（As-B）、III（Hr-FP）、IV（Hr-FA）、V（As-C）、VI、VII、VIII、IX、X、XI（K-Ah）。凡例：泥炭、粘土、テフラ。

English translation

Depth in cm: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450. Tephra layers, top to bottom: I (As-A), II (As-B), III (Hr-FP), IV (Hr-FA), V (As-C), VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI (K-Ah). Legend: peat; clay; tephra.

p196_338.png

PDF 196 · Original p. 179

Sampling-location map at Nakata-shiro, Ozegahara, and a pool photograph looking toward Mount Hiuchigatake

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1「藤原」（日光15号）、5万分の1「燧ヶ岳」（日光11号）。スケール0–2km。矢印：試料採取地点。可読地名：尾瀬、檜枝岐村、尾瀬原、中田代、上田代、下田代、カッパ山、八海山（背中アブリ山）、外ノ沢、竜宮小屋、山ノ鼻、至仏山荘。小さい地名・標高の一部：[判読不明]。写真：文字注記なし。

English translation

1:50,000 Fujiwara sheet (Nikko sheet 15); 1:50,000 Hiuchigatake sheet (Nikko sheet 11). Scale: 0–2 km. Arrow: sampling locality. Legible place names: Oze; Hinoemata Village; Ozegahara; Nakata-shiro; Kamita-shiro; Shimota-shiro; カッパ山; 八海山 (背中アブリ山); 外ノ沢; Ryugu hut; Yamanohana; Shibutsu mountain lodge. Some small place names and elevations: [illegible]. Photograph: no internal lettering.

小さい地形図地名と標高値 — 原PDFレンダーも拡大したが、細字の一部は印刷自体が不鮮明で確定できない。

八海山（背中アブリ山） — 図の山名は薄く、一部の字に読みに不確実性が残る。

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PDF 197 · Original p. 180

Location map and plan of the burned building at Nakasuji, with an Hr-FA column marking the destruction horizon

Original Japanese lettering

上部の画像化本文は本文欄に復元し、ここでは重複転記しない。 地図：2.5万分の1「伊香保」（長野2号-1）、2.5万分の1「渋川」（宇都宮14号-3）。中筋、行幸田、清水、西町（2箇所）、番場、石原、田中、相原、諏訪木、谷地、畑中。可読標高・等高線：222.6、324、200。矢印：中筋遺跡。 柱状図：深度cm、0、50。上からS-12、S-11、S-10、S-9、S-8、S-7、S-6、S-5、S-4、S-3、S-1（上部）、S-1（下部）。左側矢印：建物の焼失・倒壊層準。 遺構図：方位矢印。スケール：0–2m。カマド。高坏［読み不確実］。

English translation

The upper image contains article text, restored in the main text and not transcribed again here. Map: 1:25,000 Ikaho sheet (Nagano sheet 2-1); 1:25,000 Shibukawa sheet (Utsunomiya sheet 14-3). Nakasuji; Miyukida; Shimizu; Nishi-machi (two labels); Banba; Ishihara; 田中; 相原; 諏訪木; 谷地; 畑中. Legible elevations and contours: 222.6, 324, 200. Arrow: Nakasuji site. Column: depth in cm; 0, 50. From top downward: S-12, S-11, S-10, S-9, S-8, S-7, S-6, S-5, S-4, S-3, S-1 (upper part), S-1 (lower part). Arrow at left: horizon of the building's burning and collapse. Excavation plan: orientation arrow. Scale: 0–2 m. Cooking hearth. 高坏 [uncertain reading; possibly a pedestal cup].

高坏 — 遺構内の小字を原PDFから6倍レンダーし確認したが、完全には確定できない。カマド下方の円形遺物の注記。

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PDF 198 · Original p. 181

Topographic map with arrows marking the Iwajuku archaeological site and Kasakeno Iwajuku Culture Museum.

Original Japanese lettering

笠懸野岩宿文化資料館；2.5万分の1「桐生」（宇都宮10号-4）；岩宿；琴平山；196.2；146.6；鹿；[判読不明]山。

English translation

Kasakeno Iwajuku Culture Museum; 1:25,000 “Kiryu” (Utsunomiya sheet 10-4); Iwajuku; Kotohirayama; 196.2; 146.6; 鹿; [illegible]yama.

地形図の端で切れた地名と細かな背景文字は判読不能。

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PDF 198 · Original p. 181

Iwajuku outcrop before preservation work, with tephra and stone-tool cultural horizons annotated at right.

Original Japanese lettering

上から：As-BP；岩宿II石器文化；AT；岩宿I石器文化；Ag-KP；Hr-HP。

English translation

From top to bottom: As-BP; Iwajuku II stone-tool culture; AT; Iwajuku I stone-tool culture; Ag-KP; Hr-HP.

抽出画像の右側注記は切れている。全文は原PDFページで確認し収録。

p199_342.png

PDF 199 · Original p. 182

Topographic map with an arrow marking the outcrop near Asama Otaki waterfall in Kuridaira.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「北軽井沢」（長野6号-3）；栗平；浅間大滝；小沢；1085；1200；1197。

English translation

1:25,000 “Kita-Karuizawa” (Nagano sheet 6-3); Kuridaira; Asama Otaki waterfall; 小沢; 1085; 1200; 1197.

地形図の一部細かな背景文字と端で切れた文字は判読不能。

p199_343.png

PDF 199 · Original p. 182

Fourteen-metre stratigraphic column showing the Okuwa debris avalanche at 23–24ka and the overlying Asama tephra units and ages.

Original Japanese lettering

深度目盛：0，2，4，6，8，10，12，14m。上から：火砕流；軽石流；Kn；5.4ka（早田：1990）；Fo；（第2）軽石流，11ka；AH-11；YPk；YP；埋没林13ka；OkP-2；15.4ka；OkP-1；16.8ka；OtS-2；OtS-1；SP；Kb；20ka；BP-5-7；応桑岩屑なだれ（OkAV），23～24ka。

English translation

Depth scale: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14m. From top to bottom: pyroclastic flow; pumice flow; Kn; 5.4ka (早田: 1990); Fo; Pumice Flow (2), 11ka; AH-11; YPk; YP; buried forest, 13ka; OkP-2; 15.4ka; OkP-1; 16.8ka; OtS-2; OtS-1; SP; Kb; 20ka; BP-5-7; Okuwa debris avalanche (OkAV), 23–24ka.

p199_344.png

PDF 199 · Original p. 182

Southeast–northwest sketch of Asama tephra overlying the Okuwa debris avalanche, with the buried-forest horizon.

Original Japanese lettering

SE；NW；Kn；Fo；軽石流；YPk；YP；OkP-2；OkP-1；SP；BP上部；応桑岩屑なだれ；崩積土。

English translation

SE; NW; Kn; Fo; pumice flow; YPk; YP; OkP-2; OkP-1; SP; upper BP; Okuwa debris avalanche; colluvium.

p200_345.png

PDF 200 · Original p. 183

Topographic map with an arrow marking the outcrop at a valley head on the eastern margin of the Minohara Upland.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「中之条」（長野1号-3）；蓑原；中村；日影；四万川；586.7；578；567；559.5；476。

English translation

1:25,000 “Nakanojo” (Nagano sheet 1-3); Minohara; Nakamura; Hikage; Shima River; 586.7; 578; 567; 559.5; 476.

背景の小さな地名の一部は判読不能。

p200_346.png

PDF 200 · Original p. 183

Photograph of pumice overlying the Minohara Gravel Bed, with a column spanning the lacustrine beds and near-surface tephra.

Original Japanese lettering

写真：蓑原軽石層；蓑原礫層。柱状図：蓑原。深度0，20，40，60，80m。上から：YPk；BP；JL；NgP；MiP；（AT；25ka）¹⁴C法；（DKP；50ka）層位；（On-Pm 1；80～90ka）FT法；（DPm；100～120ka）FT法；（YoP-2；220±50ka）FT法；（MiT）矢口ほか（1993）；蓑原礫層；NLu-31；-30；-27，310±40ka FT法，竹本ほか（1987）；-26；-25；-24；-23；-22；-21；NLu-20，490±80ka FT法，竹本ほか（1987）；上部中之条湖成層。

English translation

Photograph: Minohara Pumice Bed; Minohara Gravel Bed. Column: Minohara. Depths 0, 20, 40, 60, 80m. From top to bottom: YPk; BP; JL; NgP; MiP; (AT; 25ka), ¹⁴C method; (DKP; 50ka), stratigraphic position; (On-Pm 1; 80–90ka), FT method; (DPm; 100–120ka), FT method; (YoP-2; 220±50ka), FT method; (MiT), 矢口 et al. (1993); Minohara Gravel Bed; NLu-31; -30; -27, 310±40ka, FT method, 竹本 et al. (1987); -26; -25; -24; -23; -22; -21; NLu-20, 490±80ka, FT method, 竹本 et al. (1987); Upper Nakanojo Lacustrine Beds.

抽出画像の右端の年代・方法・出典は切れているため、原PDF全ページから補完。

p201_347.png

PDF 201 · Original p. 184

Topographic map marking the outcrop on the west bank of the Tone River in Soja Town with an arrow.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「前橋」（宇都宮14号-4）；総社町植野；総社町総社；敷島町；緑が丘町；天狗岩；元景寺；山王；出山古墳；日新電機工場；宝塔山古墳；蛇穴山古墳；39.6；28.9；115。

English translation

1:25,000 “Maebashi” (Utsunomiya sheet 14-4); Ueno, Soja Town; Soja, Soja Town; Shikishima Town; Midorigaoka Town; Tengu Rock; Genkeiji Temple; Sanno; 出山 burial mound; Nissin Electric factory; Hotoyama burial mound; 蛇穴山 burial mound; 39.6; 28.9; 115.

小さな背景文字の一部は判読不能。出山・蛇穴山の読みは確定せず日本語保持。

p201_348.png

PDF 201 · Original p. 184

Cross-section across rivers, uplands, and volcanic slopes showing the relationships of the Maebashi Peat Bed to mudflow and gravel deposits.

Original Japanese lettering

標高：60～140m（10m刻み）；距離：0，1，2km。榛名火山斜面（相馬ヶ原扇状地）；前橋台地；広瀬川低地帯；前橋台地；赤城火山斜面。染谷川；八幡川；利根川；広瀬川；桃ノ木川。天明泥流堆積物；前橋泥炭層；広瀬川砂礫層；前橋砂礫層；大胡火砕流堆積物；AT；As-BP；Hr-HP。凡例：黒ボク土；ローム層；軽石；火山灰；火砕流堆積物；岩屑なだれ・泥流堆積物；礫；砂；粘土；泥炭。1：総社砂層，2：相馬ヶ原扇状地堆積物，3：陣馬岩屑なだれ堆積物，4：元利根川段丘堆積物，5：前橋泥流堆積物。

English translation

Elevations: 60–140m at 10m intervals; distance: 0, 1, 2km. Haruna volcanic slope (Somagahara alluvial fan); Maebashi Upland; Hirose River Lowland; Maebashi Upland; Akagi volcanic slope. Someya River; Yahata River; Tone River; Hirose River; Momonoki River. Tenmei mudflow deposit; Maebashi Peat Bed; Hirose River Sand and Gravel Bed; Maebashi Sand and Gravel Bed; Ogo pyroclastic-flow deposit; AT; As-BP; Hr-HP. Legend: black volcanic-ash soil; loam; pumice; volcanic ash; pyroclastic-flow deposit; debris-avalanche and mudflow deposits; gravel; sand; clay; peat. 1: Soja Sand Bed; 2: Somagahara alluvial-fan deposits; 3: Jinba debris-avalanche deposit; 4: Moto-Tone River terrace deposits; 5: Maebashi mudflow deposit.

p202_349.png

PDF 202 · Original p. 185

Photograph showing Asama–Soja Pumice and Asama–Itahana Yellow Pumice within the Maebashi Peat Bed.

Original Japanese lettering

As-Sj；As-YP。

English translation

As-Sj; As-YP.

p202_350.png

PDF 202 · Original p. 185

Diagram of changes in woody and herbaceous pollen and fern-spore composition across the peat sequence.

Original Japanese lettering

木本花粉；草本花粉；シダ類胞子；モミ属；ツガ属；トウヒ属；カラマツ属；マツ属；黒塗りは単維管束亜属；コナラ属；コナラ亜属；スギ；カバノキ属；ハンノキ属；ブナ属；イネ科；カヤツリグサ科；ヨモギ属。深度：M，0，1。A；MB-4；As-Sj；B；As-YP；C。百分率目盛：0，50，100%。凡例：テフラ；砂；分解泥炭；未分解泥炭。

English translation

Woody pollen; herbaceous pollen; fern spores; Abies; Tsuga; Picea; Larix; Pinus; solid black indicates the single-vascular-bundle subgenus; Quercus; deciduous oak subgenus (コナラ亜属); Japanese cedar; Betula; Alnus; Fagus; Poaceae; Cyperaceae; Artemisia. Depth: M, 0, 1. A; MB-4; As-Sj; B; As-YP; C. Percentage scales: 0, 50, 100%. Legend: tephra; sand; decomposed peat; undecomposed peat.

抽出画像の上端で花粉分類名が欠落しているため原PDFから復元。百分率は曲線の図示値で、個別測定数値は印刷されていない。

p203_351.png

PDF 203 · Original p. 186

Topographic map with an arrow marking the slope outcrop upstream of Mameyaki Bridge.

Original Japanese lettering

5万分の1「三峰」（甲府1号）；滝川；豆焼沢；1736；857；1000；1200。

English translation

1:50,000 “Mitsumine” (Kofu sheet 1); Takigawa; Mameyakisawa; 1736; 857; 1000; 1200.

背景の地名・等高線数値の一部は判読不能。

p203_352.png

PDF 203 · Original p. 186

Section sketch of Ontake-1 and Yatsugatake–Kawakami tephra intercalated in angular-gravel slope deposits.

Original Japanese lettering

深度：0，5m；On-Pm 1；Yt-Kw。凡例：表土；角礫；クラック；軽石；火山灰；火山砂。

English translation

Depth: 0, 5m; On-Pm 1; Yt-Kw. Legend: topsoil; angular gravel; cracks; pumice; volcanic ash; volcanic sand.

p204_353.png

PDF 204 · Original p. 187

Topographic map with an arrow marking the Hanno Gravel Bed outcrop at Kinchakuda.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「飯能」（東京9号-4）；日向；栗坪；前畑；天神橋；高麗川；久保；梅原；高麗石器時代住居跡；69；102.6；108.0；144.5。

English translation

1:25,000 “Hanno” (Tokyo sheet 9-4); 日向; Kuritsubo; Maehata; Tenjin Bridge; Koma River; Kubo; Umehara; Koma Stone Age dwelling site; 69; 102.6; 108.0; 144.5.

背景の小さな地名の一部は判読不能。

p204_354.png

PDF 204 · Original p. 187

Outcrop of the upper gravel and lower silt of the Hanno Gravel Bed, with a close-up photograph of the clasts.

Original Japanese lettering

飯能礫層上部層；飯能礫層下部層。

English translation

Upper part of the Hanno Gravel Bed; lower part of the Hanno Gravel Bed.

左側の層位注記は抽出画像外にあるため原PDFから復元。

p205_355.png

PDF 205 · Original p. 188

Topographic map marking the vicinity of the excavated area of the Akayama Jinya-ato archaeological site.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「越谷」（東京1号-4）；長蔵新田；安行藤八；西立野；道下；安行；中道北；安行領家；中道西；赤山；市。

English translation

1:25,000 “Koshigaya” (Tokyo sheet 1-4); 長蔵新田; 安行藤八; Nishitateno; 道下; Angyo; 中道北; Angyo Ryoke; 中道西; Akayama; city.

背景の小さな地名の一部は判読不能。確証のない地名の読みは日本語保持。

p205_356.png

PDF 205 · Original p. 188

Two sections of the valley-fill deposits in the West Moat at Akayama, showing herbaceous and woody peat and landslide blocks.

Original Japanese lettering

上：Y515；W→E；X458，459，460，461，462，463，464；9m，8，3，2，1；I，II，III，IV，V。下：X455；N→S；Y514，513，512，511，510，509；9m，6，5，4，3；S，I，II，III。凡例番号1～12（各説明は本文の凡例表に収録）。

English translation

Upper section: Y515; W→E; X458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464; 9m, 8, 3, 2, 1; I, II, III, IV, V. Lower section: X455; N→S; Y514, 513, 512, 511, 510, 509; 9m, 6, 5, 4, 3; S, I, II, III. Legend numbers 1–12 (descriptions are transcribed in the legend table in the main text).

抽出画像は凡例説明の第4項以後が切れている。全12項は原PDFで確認して本文表へ収録。

p206_357.png

PDF 206 · Original p. 189

Table relating sediments and plant remains from Sa to Layer V to thickness and tephra horizons at Akayama.

Original Japanese lettering

層序；テフラ；層厚（cm）；堆積物記載；主要な植物構成物。S：Sa，Sb；I；II：IIa，IIb，IIc；III：IIIa，IIIb；IV；V。図中テフラ：Ak-a，Ak-b，Ak-e，Ak-f，Ak-g，Ak-h，Ak-i，Ak-j，Ak-k，Ak-l［K-Ah］。各行の層厚・堆積物・植物構成物は本文の表へ全文転記。

English translation

Stratigraphy; tephra; thickness (cm); sediment description; principal plant constituents. S: Sa, Sb; I; II: IIa, IIb, IIc; III: IIIa, IIIb; IV; V. Tephra shown: Ak-a, Ak-b, Ak-e, Ak-f, Ak-g, Ak-h, Ak-i, Ak-j, Ak-k, Ak-l [K-Ah]. The thicknesses, sediments, and plant constituents of all rows are fully transcribed in the main-text table.

p206_358.png

PDF 206 · Original p. 189

Diagram relating vegetation, the transition from seawater to freshwater, and rice-field development since 7000yr B.P. to boundaries E1–E5 and tephra.

Original Japanese lettering

年代：年B.P.，1000，2000，3000，4000，5000，6000，7000。列：台地―斜面；開析谷；画期と時期；テフラ。台地―斜面：マツ―スギ林；照葉樹林；スギ林［アカガシ亜属］；落葉広葉樹の疎林［コナラ属コナラ亜属，クマシデ属，アサダ］；落葉広葉樹林［コナラ属コナラ亜属，クマシデ属，アサダ，エノキ，ムクノキ］；クリ林（アカメガシワ）；落葉広葉樹林［コナラ属コナラ亜属，アサダ，イヌシデ］（カヤ）。開析谷：水田；スゲ属―ヨシ属湿地；スゲ属湿地；カヤツリグサ属湿地，ハンノキ林；ハンノキ―ヤチダモ林；（トチノキ），（ミゾソバ）；ハンノキ林；ミゾソバ・ネコノメソウ属・スゲ属優占の群落；淡水；海水。縄文晩期遺構；縄文後期遺構。時期I，II，III，IV，V，VI。画期E1，E2，E3，E4，E5。テフラ：K-Ah，R-I，R-II，Yu-1，Yu-2，F-Ho。

English translation

Age: yr B.P., 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000. Columns: upland–slope; dissected valley; transition boundaries and periods; tephra. Upland–slope: pine–Japanese cedar forest; evergreen broadleaved forest; Japanese cedar forest [evergreen oak subgenus]; open deciduous broadleaved forest [deciduous oak subgenus of Quercus, Carpinus, Japanese hop-hornbeam]; deciduous broadleaved forest [deciduous oak subgenus of Quercus, Carpinus, Japanese hop-hornbeam, Japanese hackberry, muku tree]; chestnut forest (akamegashiwa, アカメガシワ); deciduous broadleaved forest [deciduous oak subgenus of Quercus, Japanese hop-hornbeam, Japanese hornbeam] (Japanese torreya). Dissected valley: rice fields; Carex–Phragmites wetland; Carex wetland; Cyperus wetland, alder forest; alder–Japanese ash forest; (Japanese horse chestnut), (mizosoba); alder forest; communities dominated by mizosoba, Chrysosplenium, and Carex; freshwater; seawater. Final Jomon structures; Late Jomon structures. Periods I, II, III, IV, V, VI. Boundaries E1, E2, E3, E4, E5. Tephra: K-Ah, R-I, R-II, Yu-1, Yu-2, F-Ho.

p207_359.png

PDF 207 · Original p. 190

Columns correlating the Tama I and II Loam formations at three sites using Go, HBP, Mitsugumi, and Nisemitsu.

Original Japanese lettering

a，b，c；0，10，20m；多摩Iローム層；多摩IIローム層；新期ローム層；芋窪礫層；上総層群；Go；HBP；ミツグミ；ニセミツ。

English translation

a, b, c; 0, 10, 20m; Tama I Loam Formation; Tama II Loam Formation; younger loam formation; Imokubo Gravel Bed; Kazusa Group; Go; HBP; Mitsugumi; Nisemitsu.

p207_360.png

PDF 207 · Original p. 190

Three topographic maps with arrows marking exposures a in Mizuho, b at 南矢萩 in Miyadera, and c at Yamaguchi.

Original Japanese lettering

a．2.5万分の1「青梅」（東京10号-3）；瑞穂；194.0；163。b．2.5万分の1「所沢」（東京10号-1）；堀之内；175.6；157.8；150。c．2.5万分の1「所沢」（東京10号-1）；仏蔵院；堀之内；打越；田端；荒幡；170.3；75。図の上に付随した文献文字は本文文献欄へ収録。

English translation

a: 1:25,000 “Ome” (Tokyo sheet 10-3); Mizuho; 194.0; 163. b: 1:25,000 “Tokorozawa” (Tokyo sheet 10-1); Horinouchi; 175.6; 157.8; 150. c: 1:25,000 “Tokorozawa” (Tokyo sheet 10-1); 仏蔵院; Horinouchi; Uchikoshi; Tabata; Arahata; 170.3; 75. The reference text attached above the maps is included in the main reference list.

背景の小さな地名・地図端で切れた文字の一部は判読不能。

p208_361.png

PDF 208 · Original p. 191

Topographic map marking the road-cut outcrop and the comparison-column locality to the northeast.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「八王子」（東京11号-3）；宅地造成中；三ツ目；小山町；182.3；164；126；■。

English translation

1:25,000 “Hachioji” (Tokyo sheet 11-3); residential development under construction; Mitsume; Oyama Town; 182.3; 164; 126; ■.

地図の小さな背景文字の一部は判読不能。

p208_362.png

PDF 208 · Original p. 191

Sketch showing GoP1, GoP2, and HBP exposures on the vegetated road-cut slope, with a comparison column down to gravel.

Original Japanese lettering

露頭：N；E；S；植被（3箇所）；犬走り（4箇所）；舗装道路；GoP1（2箇所）；GoP2；HBP；15m。■地点柱状図：0，5m；HBP；八王子第2；八王子第1；程久保第3；程久保第2；御殿峠礫層。

English translation

Outcrop: N; E; S; vegetation cover (three occurrences); berm (犬走り, four occurrences); paved road; GoP1 (two occurrences); GoP2; HBP; 15m. Column at the ■ locality: 0, 5m; HBP; Hachioji-2; Hachioji-1; Hodokubo-3; Hodokubo-2; Gotentoge Gravel Bed.

p209_363.png

PDF 209 · Original p. 192

Topographic map with an arrow marking the Narimasu outcrop in Akatsuka 4-chome.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「赤羽」（東京6号-1）；赤塚；松月院；新町工科学[判読不明]；浄水場；上赤塚町；田柄町；21.8；20。

English translation

1:25,000 “Akabane” (Tokyo sheet 6-1); Akatsuka; Shogetsuin; 新町工科学[illegible]; water purification plant; Kami-Akatsuka Town; Tagara Town; 21.8; 20.

学校等の小さな背景文字と一部地図端の文字は判読不能。

p209_364.png

PDF 209 · Original p. 192

Forty-metre section of the Narimasu outcrop, showing strata from the Tokyo Formation to the Tachikawa Loam Formation and marker tephra.

Original Japanese lettering

縦軸：0，10，20m。横軸：0，10，20，30，40m。上から：立川ローム層，AT；武蔵野ローム層，Hk-TP；下末吉ローム層，Hk-OP；板橋粘土層，On-Pm 1；成増礫層；東京層。

English translation

Vertical axis: 0, 10, 20m. Horizontal axis: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40m. From top to bottom: Tachikawa Loam Formation, AT; Musashino Loam Formation, Hk-TP; Shimosueyoshi Loam Formation, Hk-OP; Itabashi Clay Bed, On-Pm 1; Narimasu Gravel Bed; Tokyo Formation.

p210_365.png

PDF 210 · Original p. 193

Location map of the Kita-Ekoda site, showing Ekoda, Eharacho, hospitals, and schools.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「東京西部」（東京6号-2）。米町、江古田一丁目・二丁目、沼袋一丁目・二丁目、江原町一丁目・二丁目、豊玉南、養護学校、病院、武蔵大学、江古田川。黒四角＝地点。

English translation

1:25,000 “Tokyo Seibu” (Tokyo 6-2). 米町; Ekoda 1-/2-chome; Numabukuro 1-/2-chome; Eharacho 1-/2-chome; Toyotama-Minami; special-needs school; hospital; Musashi University; Ekodagawa. Black square: locality.

地図の微小注記 — 学校名や細い街区の一部字形は原画像でも不鮮明。

p210_366.png

PDF 210 · Original p. 193

Correlation of six Kita-Ekoda sections with radiocarbon ages.

Original Japanese lettering

地点P-12、P-1、P-6、P-7a、P-5、P-4。標高m：29、30、31、32。層S、A、B（Ba、Bb）、C（Ca、Cb、Cc）、D、E（Ea、Eb、Ec、Ed、Ee、Ef、Eg、Eh、Ei）、F、G。47、1。AT：姶良Tnテフラ。TP：箱根東京軽石。放射性炭素年代：C-1 22400±400（GaK-12905）；C-2 32020±1730（GaK-12907）；C-3 >35450（GaK-12908）；C-4 >35500（GaK-12909）；C-5 29440±1650（GaK-12910）；C-6 >33720（GaK-12906）。凡例：表土（S）、土壌、泥炭、シルト・粘土、テフラ、砂、れき、砂質シルト・シルト質砂。

English translation

Localities P-12, P-1, P-6, P-7a, P-5, P-4. Elevation (m): 29, 30, 31, 32. Units S, A, B (Ba, Bb), C (Ca, Cb, Cc), D, E (Ea, Eb, Ec, Ed, Ee, Ef, Eg, Eh, Ei), F, G. 47, 1. AT: Aira-Tn tephra. TP: Hakone-Tokyo pumice. Radiocarbon ages: C-1 22400±400 (GaK-12905); C-2 32020±1730 (GaK-12907); C-3 >35450 (GaK-12908); C-4 >35500 (GaK-12909); C-5 29440±1650 (GaK-12910); C-6 >33720 (GaK-12906). Legend: topsoil (S), soil, peat, silt/clay, tephra, sand, gravel, sandy silt/silty sand.

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PDF 211 · Original p. 194

Complete Meguro-Ohashi tephra column with artifacts, dark bands, and the standard Musashino succession.

Original Japanese lettering

テフラ番号／斜交層準・層厚／Ω（遺物）／準武蔵野基本層序。上→下：煉瓦、盛土II 30、玉砂利、盛土I 15、小砂利混砂泥；S-25［宝永sc］10、近代～江戸 Ib；10、古代 Ic；8、弥生 Id；S-22［湯舟2］5★；10、中後期 Id～IIa；S-4～5 12・10、縄文中期 IIbu；S-0-4～6 15、縄文中期～早期 IIcu；S-0-1～3 10、草創期・撚糸文系土器・黄粉色火山灰 IIcl；★★★；Y-141-1～3 20、草創期・細石刃類 III；★；IV；Y-137 15・10・10、黒色岩片帯；Y-127～129 9、Ωナイフ形石器・角錐状石器 IV、Ω剥片類 V；Y-122 30、暗色帯；S1S；Y-119～121 15、暗色帯 V；AT；Y-115～Y-114 13・10、VI；VII暗色帯；Y-113 20、CCP-13?、Ω剥片類・灰色軽石；Y-112 20、Ω剥片類・暗色帯 VII・VIII；Y-108′? 12、Ω?礫 IX；Y-108 13、白色岩片 IX；Y-107? 10、明黄褐色粘土質風化帯 X；Y-105～106? 10、白色軽石；Y-103～104? 9；Y-103 12★；15・10・8・15、暗色帯；Y-98～99 CCP-8 15、グリース状雲母；Y-97 8、Ω?礫；Y-96 15、Ω?礫；CCP-6 Y-95 23、Ω?礫 XII?；30、XII；箱根火山CCP-5；Y-94［BCVA］、青色微細気孔スコリア XIV；硬黄褐色粘土質風化帯。

English translation

Tephra number / cross-cutting horizon and thickness / Ω (artifacts) / quasi-Musashino standard succession. Top to bottom: brick, fill II 30, rounded gravel, fill I 15, fine gravel mixed with sandy mud; S-25 [Hoei sc] 10, modern–Edo Ib; 10, ancient Ic; 8, Yayoi Id; S-22 [Yufune 2] 5★; 10, Middle/Late Id–IIa; S-4–5 12, 10, Middle Jomon IIbu; S-0-4–6 15, Middle–Early Jomon IIcu; S-0-1–3 10, Incipient Jomon, twisted-cord pottery, yellow powdery volcanic ash IIcl; ★★★; Y-141-1–3 20, Incipient Jomon, microblades III; ★; IV; Y-137 15,10,10, black lithic-fragment band; Y-127–129 9, Ω backed knives and pyramidal tools IV, Ω flakes V; Y-122 30, dark band; S1S; Y-119–121 15, dark band V; AT; Y-115–Y-114 13,10, VI; VII dark band; Y-113 20, CCP-13?, Ω flakes, gray pumice; Y-112 20, Ω flakes, dark band VII/VIII; Y-108′? 12, Ω? gravel IX; Y-108 13, white lithics IX; Y-107? 10, bright yellow-brown clayey weathered zone X; Y-105–106? 10, white pumice; Y-103–104? 9; Y-103 12★; 15,10,8,15, dark band; Y-98–99 CCP-8 15, greasy mica; Y-97 8, Ω? gravel; Y-96 15, Ω? gravel; CCP-6 Y-95 23, Ω? gravel XII?; 30, XII; Hakone Volcano CCP-5; Y-94 [BCVA], blue scoria with fine vesicles XIV; hard yellow-brown clayey weathered zone.

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PDF 211 · Original p. 194

Tokyo Seinan location map of Meguro-Ohashi; the crop also includes the reference list.

Original Japanese lettering

文献：愛鷹ローム団体研究グループ(1969)、叶内・杉原(1994)、佐護・町田(1996)、目黒大橋遺跡調査会(1996)、上本ほか(1994)、上杉(1990)、上杉ほか(1980、1992)。2.5万分の1「東京西南部」（東京7号-1）。東京大学教養学部、駒場一丁目・二丁目・四丁目、大橋一丁目・二丁目、池尻二丁目・四丁目、世田谷公園、目黒川。

English translation

References: 愛鷹ローム団体研究グループ (1969), 叶内・杉原 (1994), 佐護・町田 (1996), 目黒大橋遺跡調査会 (1996), 上本 et al. (1994), 上杉 (1990), 上杉 et al. (1980,1992). 1:25,000 “Tokyo Seinan” (Tokyo 7-1). College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo; Komaba 1-/2-/4-chome; Ohashi 1-/2-chome; Ikejiri 2-/4-chome; Setagaya Park; Megurogawa.

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PDF 212 · Original p. 195

Location map of the Nogawa site and International Christian University.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「吉祥寺」（東京6号-3）。国際基督教大学、大学院、野川、大沢一丁目・二丁目・四丁目、野水一丁目・二丁目、調布、天文台、神明。

English translation

1:25,000 “Kichijoji” (Tokyo 6-3). International Christian University; graduate school; Nogawa; Osawa 1-/2-/4-chome; Nomizu 1-/2-chome; Chofu; observatory; Shinmei.

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PDF 212 · Original p. 195

Nogawa column of 13 natural layers, BB0, BBI, AT, BBII, and Tachikawa gravel.

Original Japanese lettering

深度0、1、2、3、4、5m。上→下：I、II、III、IVa、IVb（BB0）、IVc、V（BBI）、VI（AT）、VII（BBIIa）、VIII、IX（BBIIb）、X、XI、XII、XIII（TcG）。

English translation

Depth: 0,1,2,3,4,5 m. Top to bottom: I,II,III,IVa,IVb (BB0),IVc,V (BBI),VI (AT),VII (BBIIa),VIII,IX (BBIIb),X,XI,XII,XIII (TcG).

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PDF 213 · Original p. 196

Haramachida map showing Tsukimino sites I–IV.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「原町田」（東京11号-2）。I、II、III、IV。町田七丁目・八丁目、南つくし野、南成瀬、南町田、中央林間六丁目・七丁目、つきみ野一丁目・四丁目・五丁目・六丁目・七丁目・八丁目、大和市、黒目川、78.6。

English translation

1:25,000 “Haramachida” (Tokyo 11-2). I,II,III,IV. Machida 7-/8-chome; Minami-Tsukushino; Minami-Naruse; Minami-Machida; Chuo-Rinkan 6-/7-chome; Tsukimino 1-/4-/5-/6-/7-/8-chome; Yamato City; Kuromegawa; 78.6.

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PDF 213 · Original p. 196

Tsukimino loam and dark-band column showing S1S, AT, and S2S.

Original Japanese lettering

深度0、5m。上→下：L1S、B0、L1H、B1、L2、B2U、B2L、L3（S1S、AT）、B3、L4、［中略された区間］、B5、L5、B6、L6（S2S）。

English translation

Depth: 0,5 m. Top to bottom: L1S,B0,L1H,B1,L2,B2U,B2L,L3 (S1S,AT),B3,L4,[omitted interval in the column],B5,L5,B6,L6 (S2S).

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PDF 214 · Original p. 197

Hadano map locating the type exposure of the Hadano fault along the Kuzuhagawa.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「秦野」（東京16号-2）。上原、西、名古木、小金沢、落合、秦野、団地、国道246、78、104。太矢印＝露頭。

English translation

1:25,000 “Hadano” (Tokyo 16-2). Uehara, Nishi, Nagoki, Koganezawa, Ochiai, Hadano, housing estate, National Route 246, 78,104. Thick arrow: exposure.

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PDF 214 · Original p. 197

Sketch of tilting and faults along the Hadano fault, with 22 observation points.

Original Japanese lettering

⇒上流側N20S。今泉礫層、才ヶ戸礫層、尾尻礫層、岩倉礫層、葛葉第2礫層。TP 東京軽石；MB 武蔵野埋没土；MP 三浦軽石；OP 小原台軽石；Pm-1 木曽御岳第1軽石。D′：Kmp-8；B：Kmp-8；P′：Klp-14；P：Klp-13；Q：Klp-12；U：Klp-6；V：Klp-7。地点1–22、尺度0–2m。

English translation

⇒Upstream N20S [as printed]. Imaizumi, Saigato, Ojiri, Iwakura, and Kuzuhagawa-2 gravel. TP: Tokyo pumice; MB: Musashino buried soil; MP: Miura pumice; OP: Obaradai pumice; Pm-1: Kiso-Ontake-1 pumice. D′: Kmp-8; B: Kmp-8; P′: Klp-14; P: Klp-13; Q: Klp-12; U: Klp-6; V: Klp-7. Points 1–22; scale 0–2 m.

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PDF 215 · Original p. 198

Location map of Godo-Kamijuku in Isehara, with references at the top.

Original Japanese lettering

文献：池田ほか(1995)，かながわ考古学財団(1994)，町田・新井(1992)，上本ほか(1994)，上杉(1990)，上杉ほか(1992，1993，1996)。2.5万分の1「伊勢原」（東京12号-4）。栗原、神戸、坪内、串橋、鈴川、68、44.3、40、12.7。

English translation

References: 池田 et al. (1995), かながわ考古学財団 (1994), 町田・新井 (1992), 上本 et al. (1994), 上杉 (1990), 上杉 et al. (1992,1993,1996). 1:25,000 “Isehara” (Tokyo 12-4). Kurihara, Godo, Tsubouchi, Kushihashi, Suzukawa; 68,44.3,40,12.7.

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PDF 215 · Original p. 198

Godo-Kamijuku tephra column: all thicknesses, artifacts, and correlations from AT to Hoei scoria.

Original Japanese lettering

テフラ番号／層厚／遺物・層相／相模野基本土層。Ω＝遺物。

English translation

Tephra number / thickness / artifacts and facies / standard Sagamino soil succession. Ω: artifacts. フジクロ: Fuji Black Soil; ソフト: soft loam; ハードローム: hard loam; 漸移層: transition layer.

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PDF 216 · Original p. 199

Yoshioka column through number 65, with visual characteristics, all thicknesses, artifacts, tephra correlations, and a Zama map.

Original Japanese lettering

テフラ番号／層厚／層相／肉眼的特徴／標準テフラ番号～相模野基本土層名。Ω遺物、★斜交関係、∠崩落。地図：2.5万分の1「座間」（東京12号-1）。学校、中学校、八次谷、芦久保、城山、江戸道南、内込、吉岡、根、新道、48.3、49.6。画像左上の本文・文献は本文欄に全文復元。

English translation

Tephra number / thickness / facies / visual characteristics / standard tephra number and Sagamino soil-unit name. Ω: artifacts; ★: cross-cutting relation; ∠: collapse. Map: 1:25,000 “Zama” (Tokyo 12-1). School; junior high school; 八次谷; 芦久保; Shiroyama; Edo-Michiminami; Uchikomi; Yoshioka; Ne; Shindo; 48.3,49.6. Body prose and references in the upper-left of the crop are reproduced fully in the body text. フジクロ下部: lower Fuji Black Soil; 漸移層: transition layer; ソフトローム: soft loam; ハードローム: hard loam; 相模野第一スコリア: Sagamino-1 Scoria; アカホヤ: Akahoya.

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PDF 217 · Original p. 200

Totsuka map locating Tamanawa Castle in Kamakura City.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「戸塚」（東京8号-4）。服部、関谷、城廻、35、50。黒四角＝地点。

English translation

1:25,000 “Totsuka” (Tokyo 8-4). Hattori, Sekiya, Shiromeguri; 35,50. Black square: locality.

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PDF 217 · Original p. 200

Complete Tamanawa Castle tephra column correlated with Sagamino archaeological soil units.

Original Japanese lettering

テフラ層序番号／テフラ層の特徴／玉縄城遺跡考古学土層。尺度4m。図の最下位注記は「土層最上部」。

English translation

Tephra stratigraphic number / characteristics / Tamanawa Castle archaeological soil succession. Scale: 4 m. Bottom annotation: “uppermost part of soil layer.” 富士黒土層漸移層: Fuji Black Soil transition layer.

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PDF 218 · Original p. 201

Hadano map and detailed Y-76 Tokyo pumice / Y-77 Tokyo pumice-flow columns.

Original Japanese lettering

地図：2.5万分の1「秦野」（東京16号-2）。菖蒲、沼代、新道、向原、竹ノ内、清戸、269.3。■模式地，矢印露頭。柱状図の括弧内数字は原図の粒径・含有量を保持。

English translation

Map: 1:25,000 “Hadano” (Tokyo 16-2). Shobu, Numashiro, Shindo, Mukohara, Takenouchi, Kiyoto,269.3. ■ type locality; arrow: exposure. Parenthesized figures retain the original grain-size/content annotations; the table numeric column is not a thickness measurement for this figure.

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PDF 218 · Original p. 201

Plan-view sketch of tephras and gravels filling the Shobu-Takenouchi valley.

Original Japanese lettering

平面図：石垣，谷底，丹沢層群，早田ローム層，Tm-8，Tm-9，吉岡軽石，三浦軽石，東京軽石，東京軽石流，今泉礫層，Y-64，Y-66，BCVA，CCP-1，CCP-4。尺度0–50m，N。関東第四紀研究会(1979)に加筆。

English translation

Plan-view sketch: stone wall; valley bottom; Tanzawa Group; Soda Loam; Tm-8,Tm-9; Yoshioka pumice; Miura pumice; Tokyo pumice; Tokyo pumice flow; Imaizumi gravel; Y-64,Y-66,BCVA,CCP-1,CCP-4. Scale: 0–50 m; N. Supplemented from 関東第四紀研究会 (1979).

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PDF 219 · Original p. 202

Joined Yokosuka/Uraga map locating the Obaradai type exposure.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「横須賀」（横須賀5号-1），2.5万分の1「浦賀」（横須賀5号-2）。防衛大学校、小原台、浦上台二丁目・三丁目、二葉一丁目・二丁目、鴨居二丁目、走水、走水神社、85.5、100.7、92.7、58。

English translation

1:25,000 “Yokosuka” (Yokosuka 5-1) and “Uraga” (Yokosuka 5-2). National Defense Academy; Obaradai; Uragami-dai 2-/3-chome; Futaba 1-/2-chome; Kamoi 2-chome; Hashirimizu; Hashirimizu Shrine;85.5,100.7,92.7,58.

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PDF 219 · Original p. 202

Outcrop sketch showing cross-bedded Hashirimizu gravel beneath Obaradai sand/gravel and Kanto Loam.

Original Japanese lettering

W、E。関東ローム層：Hk-CC1、Hk-TP、Hk-OP。小原台砂礫層：On-Pm1。走水礫層。尺度0、5、10、15m。蟹江ほか(1977)を一部改変。

English translation

W,E. Kanto Loam: Hk-CC1,Hk-TP,Hk-OP. Obaradai sand and gravel: On-Pm1. Hashirimizu gravel. Scale:0,5,10,15 m. Partly modified from 蟹江 et al. (1977).

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PDF 220 · Original p. 203

Morooka type exposure on the Kawasaki sheet published in 1967.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「川崎」（東京7号-2），1967年発行。師岡町、大曽根町、菊名町、大倉山、観音川、13.1、42.6。

English translation

1:25,000 “Kawasaki” (Tokyo 7-2), published 1967. Morookacho, Ozonecho, Kikunacho, Okurayama, Kannon-gawa;13.1,42.6.

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PDF 220 · Original p. 203

Western/eastern Tsurumi–Shimosueyoshi–Loam section and 1982 map after removal.

Original Japanese lettering

W、E。標高15、20、25、30m。武蔵野・立川ローム層、下末吉ローム層、Hk-KmP10,11、Hk-KlP7～13、下末吉層上部、下末吉層下部、鶴見層、Tm-2（=TCu-1）、綱島街道。関東第四紀研究会(1970)より。右図：師岡町、大倉山、42.6。1982年発行の地形図では，地形が改変されてしまい，露頭はなくなっている。

English translation

W,E. Elevation:15,20,25,30 m. Musashino/Tachikawa Loam, Shimosueyoshi Loam, Hk-KmP10,11, Hk-KlP7–13, upper/lower Shimosueyoshi Formation, Tsurumi Formation, Tm-2 (=TCu-1), Tsunashima Kaido. From 関東第四紀研究会 (1970). Right map: Morookacho, Okurayama,42.6. On the topographic map published in 1982 the terrain has been altered and the exposure has disappeared.

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PDF 221 · Original p. 204

Yokohama Seibu map of the former Nagatacho type exposure.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「横浜西部」（東京8号-3）。永田町、川島町、永田みなみ台、六ツ川一丁目・二丁目・三丁目、63、91.7。

English translation

1:25,000 “Yokohama Seibu” (Tokyo 8-3). Nagatacho, Kawashimacho, Nagata-Minamidai, Mutsukawa 1-/2-/3-chome;63,91.7.

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PDF 221 · Original p. 204

Composite section of Konan Formation, two valley fills, and associated tephras.

Original Japanese lettering

標高45、50、55、60、65。TCu-1、多摩c（T-c）層、TE-6、TE-4、TE-1、TE-5、Kn-1、港南（T-e）層、基盤。北方に開く谷の東西にあった大露頭を総合したスケッチ．上半部は東側に中・下部は西側にあった．（町田ほか，1974）

English translation

Elevation:45,50,55,60,65. TCu-1, Tama c (T-c) Formation, TE-6,TE-4,TE-1,TE-5,Kn-1, Konan (T-e) Formation, basement. Composite sketch of large exposures on both sides of a north-opening valley; upper half on the east, middle/lower parts on the west (町田 et al.,1974).

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PDF 222 · Original p. 205

Mizonokuchi map locating the Oshinuma type exposure at Ikuta Ryokuchi.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「溝の口」（東京7号-3）。登戸、枡形山、83.9、青少年科学館、生田緑地、はなぞ四丁目、長尾、東高根。

English translation

1:25,000 “Mizonokuchi” (Tokyo 7-3). Noborito; Masugatayama;83.9; Youth Science Museum; Ikuta Ryokuchi; はなぞ 4-chome [small characters uncertain]; Nagao; Higashi-Takane.

はなぞ四丁目 — 地図の微小文字が不鮮明。日本語字形を保持。

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PDF 222 · Original p. 205

Standard column of Tsuchihashi/Tama Loam and Oshinuma sand and gravel.

Original Japanese lettering

尺度0–10m。上→下：土橋ローム層（ウワバミ、ヒョウモン、アラレ）；多摩ローム層（青色スコリア、バヤリス［登戸II］、ドーラン［登戸I］、ゴマシオ2、ゴマシオ1）；オシ沼砂礫層。

English translation

Scale:0–10 m. Top to bottom: Tsuchihashi Loam (Uwabami,Hyomon,Arare); Tama Loam (blue scoria, Bireley’s [Noborito II], Doran [Noborito I], Gomashio-2, Gomashio-1); Oshinuma sand and gravel.

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PDF 223 · Original p. 206

Joined Uraga/Miura-Misaki map locating the Hikibashi terrace exposure at Takayama.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「浦賀」（横須賀5号-2），2.5万分の1「三浦三崎」（横須賀6号-1・3）。久保、陣場、大原、水谷戸、長作、引橋、高山、菊名、地蔵作、坂、77.1、84.9、85。

English translation

1:25,000 “Uraga” (Yokosuka 5-2) and “Miura Misaki” (Yokosuka 6-1/3). Kubo,Jinba,Ohara,Mizuyato,Nagasaku,Hikibashi,Takayama,Kikuna,Jizozaku,Saka;77.1,84.9,85.

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PDF 223 · Original p. 206

Hikibashi exposure photograph and column showing TP,OP,Pm-I,KmP-7, and marine sand.

Original Japanese lettering

写真：TP、OP、Pm-I、KmP-7。1990年2月19日宮内撮影。柱状図：表土、Hk-TP、Hk-OP、On-Pm1、Hk-KmP7、引橋段丘堆積物（中粒砂層）、初声層（三浦層群）、コンクリート擁壁。尺度0、1、2m。

English translation

Photograph:TP,OP,Pm-I,KmP-7. Photograph by 宮内,19 February 1990. Column:topsoil,Hk-TP,Hk-OP,On-Pm1,Hk-KmP7,Hikibashi terrace deposit (medium sand),Hatsuse Formation (Miura Group),concrete retaining wall. Scale:0,1,2 m.

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PDF 224 · Original p. 207

Uraga map locating the Misaki terrace exposure at Uchikomi.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「浦賀」（横須賀4号-2）。鹿穴台、池代、上宮田、元屋敷、岩神、水深、木間、松原、馬場、内込、浦市、4.3、35.9。

English translation

1:25,000 “Uraga” (Yokosuka 4-2). 鹿穴台,池代,Kami-Miyada,Motoyashiki,Iwagami,Mizufuka,木間,Matsubara,Baba,Uchikomi,浦市;4.3,35.9.

p224_393.png

PDF 224 · Original p. 207

Column showing transition from marine Misaki terrace deposits to dune sand and fallout tephra.

Original Japanese lettering

尺度0–10m。上→下：褐色火山灰土、Hk-CCP1、Hk-SP、Hk-TP、dune sand、marine top（35m a.s.l.）、Hk-OP。

English translation

Scale:0–10 m. Top to bottom:brown volcanic-ash soil,Hk-CCP1,Hk-SP,Hk-TP,dune sand,marine top (35m a.s.l.),Hk-OP.

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PDF 225 · Original p. 208

Hadano map and right-bank valley-wall sketch of Shinokubo loams, gravel, and erosion boundaries.

Original Japanese lettering

画像左上の本文と文献は本文欄に全文復元。地図：2.5万分の1「秦野」（東京16号-2）。高尾、横道、中村川、道路、柳、赤田、本村、77.7、86.7。図：河床から右岸谷壁露頭を見たスケッチ．テフラ番号は上杉(1976)，上杉ほか(1978)参照．SB-0=TAu-12，Tu-23=TAu-6，Tu-17=TAu-3，Tm-2=TCu-1．東京軽石流（Y-77）、東京軽石層（Y-76）、MB、岩倉礫層、KmP-1、5、10、11、KMB、KlP-1、6、9、13、15、SB-4、SB-0、Tu-17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、29、31、34、Tm-2fl。下流←河床面。

English translation

Prose and references in the upper-left crop are reproduced fully in the body. Map:1:25,000 “Hadano” (Tokyo16-2). Takao,Yokomichi,Nakamuragawa,road,Yanagi,Akada,Motomura;77.7,86.7. Sketch: right-bank valley wall viewed from river bed; tephra numbers after 上杉 (1976),上杉 et al.(1978). SB-0=TAu-12,Tu-23=TAu-6,Tu-17=TAu-3,Tm-2=TCu-1. Tokyo pumice flow (Y-77),Tokyo pumice (Y-76),MB,Iwakura gravel,KmP-1,5,10,11,KMB,KlP-1,6,9,13,15,SB-4,SB-0,Tu-17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,29,31,34,Tm-2fl. Downstream ← river-bed surface.

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PDF 226 · Original p. 209

Hakone map locating the quarry beside the Shirogane forestry road.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「箱根」（横須賀13号-4）。小田原城ゴルフ場、真鶴町、61。矢印＝採石場。

English translation

1:25,000 “Hakone” (Yokosuka13-4). Odawara Castle golf course,Manazuru Town,61. Arrow:quarry.

p226_396.png

PDF 226 · Original p. 209

Exposure sketch of columnar-jointed Hakone Old Somma lava beneath Beige Tuffs and Tama tephras.

Original Japanese lettering

上→下：Y-94（BCVA）、Tm-15 or Tm-21、Tm-9、Tm-8、Tm-6、ベージュタフII、ベージュタフI、Tm-3・F6、箱根古期外輪山溶岩。

English translation

Top to bottom:Y-94(BCVA),Tm-15 or Tm-21,Tm-9,Tm-8,Tm-6,Beige Tuff II,Beige Tuff I,Tm-3/F6,Hakone Old Somma lava.

p227_397.png

PDF 227 · Original p. 210

Yamakita map locating the Hirayama fault exposure, with Ashigara Station and the Sakawagawa.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1「山北」（東京16号-4）。東名高速道路、足柄駅、山北、酒匂川、台、平山、平山橋、城山、日向、325、313、120.5、118。

English translation

1:25,000 “Yamakita” (Tokyo16-4). Tomei Expressway,Ashigara Station,Yamakita,Sakawagawa,Dai,Hirayama,Hirayama Bridge,Shiroyama,Hinata;325,313,120.5,118.

p228_398.png

PDF 228 · Original p. 211

Outcrop sketch at Yamakita showing relationships among the Ashigara Group, riverbed gravel, riverside sand, talus, inclined tephras, faults, and erosion surfaces.

Original Japanese lettering

地表まで10m弱。河床からの高度：10，15，20，25m。横軸の表示：38，45m。 S-15′，黒色玄武岩質火山砂礫層。山北火山砂礫層。S-14′，S-14，S-13，S-10～12，S-0-1～6。崖錐T1～3。河床礫（立川期），河床礫，河畔砂。足柄層群（礫岩）。 層・構造のラベル（図内の反復を含む）：G0，G1a，G2，G3，G4，G21，G22，G121，G122；A0，B1，B2，B3，C0，D1，D2，E0；F1，F2，F21，F22，F211，F221，F222；T1，T2，T3，T4，T5，T6，T7，T8。 テフラのラベル：Y-119，121-1，121-3，121-4，121-5・6，123，123′，124，125，126，127，128，129，130・131，131，131・130，132，136，136・132，137，138，138・139，139，140，141。 Ito et al.(1987)に加筆，一部簡略化。

English translation

Less than 10 m to the ground surface. Height above the riverbed: 10, 15, 20, 25 m. Horizontal-axis labels: 38 and 45 m. S-15′; black basaltic volcanic sand and gravel. Yamakita volcanic sand and gravel. S-14′, S-14, S-13, S-10–12, S-0-1–6. Talus T1–3. Riverbed gravel (Tachikawa stage), riverbed gravel, riverside sand. Ashigara Group (conglomerate). Unit and structural labels (also repeated in the drawing): G0, G1a, G2, G3, G4, G21, G22, G121, G122; A0, B1, B2, B3, C0, D1, D2, E0; F1, F2, F21, F22, F211, F221, F222; T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8. Tephra labels: Y-119, 121-1, 121-3, 121-4, 121-5·6, 123, 123′, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130·131, 131, 131·130, 132, 136, 136·132, 137, 138, 138·139, 139, 140, 141. Modified from Ito et al. (1987), partly simplified.

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PDF 229 · Original p. 212

Location map and riverbank section of the Sakagawa near Nazukari, showing an oyster reef, shelly sand, brackish-water deposits, peat, eight tephras, and radiocarbon ages.

Original Japanese lettering

上部に混入した本文・文献は本文に収録。地図：2.5万分の1『流山』（東京1号-2），名都借，松戸市，坂川，幸町，×，矢印。 坂川（名都借付近）。左岸，右岸。縦軸Y.P.，m：0，1，2，3，4，5。TEPHRA：a，b，c，d，e，f，g，h。C14。 泥炭層，汽水成シルト・粘土，貝混じりシルト質砂，カキ礁。rhizome of Phragmites；fossil oyster bed (reworked)；fossil oyster reef (autochthonous)。 年代値（図の上から；y. B. P.）：1750±110，2100±120，2860±110，3350±80，4400±100，4790±140，4620±150，5820±100，5900±140。

English translation

Body text and references included in the upper crop are reproduced in the main text. Map: 1:25,000 “Nagareyama” (Tokyo 1-2); Nazukari, Matsudo City, Sakagawa, Saiwaicho, ×, arrow. Sakagawa (near Nazukari). Left bank; right bank. Vertical axis: Y.P., m; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. TEPHRA: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h. C14. Peat; brackish-water silt and clay; shelly silty sand; oyster reef. Original English lettering: “rhizome of Phragmites”; “fossil oyster bed (reworked)”; “fossil oyster reef (autochthonous)”. Ages, from the top of the drawing (y. B. P.): 1750±110, 2100±120, 2860±110, 3350±80, 4400±100, 4790±140, 4620±150, 5820±100, 5900±140.

4620±150 — 図の先頭数字はやや不鮮明。原PDFの拡大では4と読み取れるが、年代の前後関係から別数字へ修正しない。

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PDF 230 · Original p. 213

Stratigraphic column of 21 soil layers at Ushiomasu, showing thicknesses, facies, levels of archaeological features and tools, and inferred tephra correlations.

Original Japanese lettering

土層番号／層厚／層相／遺物など／推定テフラ番号。厚さの単位は図に明記なし。Ωは遺物。

右側の感触表示：さらさら，しゃりしゃり。

English translation

Soil-layer number / thickness / facies / artifacts, etc. / inferred tephra number. The thickness unit is not specified in the drawing. Ω denotes artifacts.

Texture descriptions at the right: free-flowing (さらさら), gritty (しゃりしゃり).

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PDF 230 · Original p. 213

Topographic map of western Chiba marking the Ushiomasu site with a black square.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『千葉西部』（千葉15号-3）。黒四角：遺跡。稲毛，検見川，宮野木，小中台町，園生。

English translation

1:25,000 “Chiba-Seibu” (Chiba 15-3). Black square: site. Inage, Kemigawa, Miyanogi, Konakadai-cho (小中台町), Sonno (園生).

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PDF 231 · Original p. 214

Topographic map marking the exposure at 一ヶ谷, Misaki Town, with an arrow, at the junction of the Kazusa-Ichinomiya, Kuniyoshi, and Kazusa-Choja sheets.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『上総一宮』（千葉12号-2・4）。原著で図の下にある接合図幅の表示：2.5万分の1『国吉』（大多喜9号-3），2.5万分の1『上総長者』（大多喜9号-1）。岬町，網田，一ヶ谷。数値表示：30.5，33.4，42，26。矢印：露頭。

English translation

1:25,000 “Kazusa-Ichinomiya” (Chiba 12-2·4). Labels of adjoining sheets printed beneath the map in the original: 1:25,000 “Kuniyoshi” (Otaki 9-3) and 1:25,000 “Kazusa-Choja” (Otaki 9-1). Misaki Town, 網田, 一ヶ谷. Numerical labels: 30.5, 33.4, 42, 26. Arrow: exposure.

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PDF 231 · Original p. 214

Perspective outcrop diagram of Yoshitsuke terrace deposits and Kanto Loam, with three radiocarbon determinations and the underlying Otadai Formation of the Kazusa Group.

Original Japanese lettering

N，S。竹林，畑，関東ローム層，AT，大走り，吉附面構成層，宅地，①，②。上総層群（大田代層）。高さ目盛：0，10m。 ①：31,090±190 yrs BP (NUTA-3892) ②-1：33,290±230 yrs BP (NUTA-3893) ②-2：32,500±330 yrs BP (NUTA-3894) 半減期：5,568年。

English translation

N, S. Bamboo grove; cultivated field; Kanto Loam; AT; 大走り (original label); deposits forming the Yoshitsuke surface; residential lots; ①, ②. Kazusa Group (Otadai Formation). Height scale: 0, 10 m. ①: 31,090±190 yrs BP (NUTA-3892) ②-1: 33,290±230 yrs BP (NUTA-3893) ②-2: 32,500±330 yrs BP (NUTA-3894) Half-life: 5,568 years.

p232_404.png

PDF 232 · Original p. 215

Kisarazu topographic map with an arrow marking the tephra exposure at 三光路.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『木更津』（東京4号-2）。三光路。標高点：82，92.1，75.7。矢印：露頭。

English translation

1:25,000 “Kisarazu” (Tokyo 4-2). 三光路. Spot heights: 82, 92.1, 75.7. Arrow: exposure.

p232_405.png

PDF 232 · Original p. 215

Photograph of four Hakone-derived pumice beds exposed in a road cutting at Kisarazu, labeled upward as Hk-OP, Hk-MP, Hk-TP, and Hk-CCP1.

Original Japanese lettering

Hk-CCP1，Hk-TP，Hk-MP，Hk-OP。

English translation

Hk-CCP1: Hakone Central Cone 1; Hk-TP: Hakone-Tokyo; Hk-MP: Hakone-Miura; Hk-OP: Hakone-Obaradai.

p233_406.png

PDF 233 · Original p. 216

Soga topographic map marking the fossil-bearing Yabu Formation exposure at Semata with an arrow.

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『蘇我』（千葉15号-2）。瀬又，村田川。数値表示：42，66。矢印：露頭。

English translation

1:25,000 “Soga” (Chiba 15-2). Semata, Muratagawa. Numerical labels: 42, 66. Arrow: exposure.

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PDF 233 · Original p. 216

Photograph of the cliff at Semata, showing the Yabu Formation exposed between vegetation and the positions of upper GoP1 and lower SY.

Original Japanese lettering

GoP1，SY。

English translation

GoP1: Gomashio-1 tephra; SY: Semata–Yabu tephra.

p234_408.png

PDF 234 · Original p. 217

Topographic location map of the Jizodo outcrop

Original Japanese lettering

丹原開墾；五郷；地蔵堂；136；△137.3；40；56；2.5万分の1『上総横田』（千葉16号-4）

English translation

丹原開墾 (place name, reading unverified); 五郷 (place name); Jizodo; 136; △137.3; 40; 56; 1:25,000 “Kazusa-Yokota” (Chiba sheet 16-4).

地形図の微小な標高・地名 — 原画像でも一部の微小文字は判読困難。

p234_409.png

PDF 234 · Original p. 217

Photograph of the Jizodo Formation with Kn-1 and TE-5 marked

Original Japanese lettering

TE-5→；Kn-1

English translation

TE-5→; Kn-1

p235_410.png

PDF 235 · Original p. 218

Location maps of Numa coral-bed exposures A–E near Tateyama

Original Japanese lettering

B；C；A；D；E；館山市；館山大橋；桑原；西郷；府中；古；大社；館山；城山；塩見；5万分の1『那古』（横須賀2号）；5万分の1『館山』（横須賀3号）

English translation

B; C; A; D; E; Tateyama City; Tateyama Bridge; 桑原; 西郷; 府中; 古; 大社; Tateyama; Shiroyama; 塩見; 1:50,000 “Nago” (Yokosuka sheet 2); 1:50,000 “Tateyama” (Yokosuka sheet 3).

地形図微小地名・標高 — 一部は原図解像度でも判読困難。

p235_411.png

PDF 235 · Original p. 218

Section of the Numa coral bed and upper limit of molluscan borings at Koyatsu site A

Original Japanese lettering

香谷（A地点）の沼サンゴ層の露頭スケッチ；m 標高；30；25；20；upper limit of boring shell；Os-Nm Ash；S；NU；NM；シルト岩；沼サンゴ；穿孔貝生痕；砂層／礫層；シルト層／土壌

English translation

Outcrop sketch of the Numa coral bed at Koyatsu (site A); elevation, m; 30; 25; 20; upper limit of boring shell; Os-Nm Ash; S; NU; NM; siltstone; Numa coral; traces of boring molluscs; sand bed / gravel bed; silt bed / soil.

p236_412.png

PDF 236 · Original p. 219

Senbazaki location map and tephra section at 500–530 m, including an embedded text fragment

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『大島南部』（横須賀12号-2・4）；S；Ah；28；29；30；31；32；33；34；35；36-1；36-2；36-3；37-1；37-2；37-3；37-5；38；38-3；39；40；41；42；43；44；45；46；47；48；49；50；51；52；53；54；55；58；59；60；61；62；63；76；77；79；81；82；83；84；85；86；530；520；510；500m。画像中の本文断片は本文に復元。

English translation

1:25,000 “Southern Oshima” (Yokosuka sheet 12-2/4); S; Ah; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36-1; 36-2; 36-3; 37-1; 37-2; 37-3; 37-5; 38; 38-3; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 76; 77; 79; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 530; 520; 510; 500 m. The embedded prose fragment has been restored in the main text.

地形図微小文字および重なる断面ラベル — 微小文字の一部は完全には判読できない。

p237_413.png

PDF 237 · Original p. 220

Location map of the Daisanyama exposure on Niijima

Original Japanese lettering

黒根；大三山；妙京寺研究所；間下浦；30.5；126；40；2.5万分の1『新島』（三宅島10号-4，14号-2）

English translation

黒根; Daisanyama; 妙京寺研究所 [reading unverified]; 間下浦; 30.5; 126; 40; 1:25,000 “Niijima” (Miyakejima sheet 10-4, 14-2).

妙京寺研究所 — 地形図の細字、読取りは暫定。

p237_414.png

PDF 237 · Original p. 220

Daisanyama exposure showing Niijima and Kozushima tephras and AT

Original Japanese lettering

N；S；新島赤崎峰テフラ；神津島高処山テフラ；AT；降下軽石層；新島峰路山テフラ；火砕サージ堆積物；新島大三山テフラ；火砕流堆積物

English translation

N; S; Niijima Akazakimine tephra; Kozushima Takoudoyama tephra; AT; pumice-fall bed; Niijima Minejidoyama tephra; pyroclastic-surge deposits; Niijima Daisanyama tephra; pyroclastic-flow deposits.

p238_415.png

PDF 238 · Original p. 221

Niijima topographic map showing the Fujimi Pass outcrop

Original Japanese lettering

和田浜；393；319.4；460；428.5；2.5万分の1『新島』（三宅島10号-4，14号-2）

English translation

Wada Beach; 393; 319.4; 460; 428.5; 1:25,000 “Niijima” (Miyakejima sheet 10-4, 14-2).

p238_416.png

PDF 238 · Original p. 221

Exposure of Niijima Mukaiyama, Niijima Atchiyama, and Kozushima Tenjosan tephras

Original Japanese lettering

新島向山テフラ；新島阿土山テフラ⇒；神津島天上山テフラ⇒

English translation

Niijima Mukaiyama tephra; Niijima Atchiyama tephra ⇒; Kozushima Tenjosan tephra ⇒.

p239_417.png

PDF 239 · Original p. 222

Location map of the Sueyoshi exposure and the AT locality at Ishizumigahana

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『八丈島』（八丈島2号-3）；2.5万分の1『八丈島南部』（八丈島2号-4）；高路；宮路；末吉；大根；尾越；石積ヶ鼻；172；82.6

English translation

1:25,000 “Hachijojima” (Hachijojima sheet 2-3); 1:25,000 “Southern Hachijojima” (Hachijojima sheet 2-4); 高路; 宮路; Sueyoshi; 大根; 尾越; Ishizumigahana; 172; 82.6.

地図の微小地名 — 読みが確かでない固有名は日本語で保持。

p239_418.png

PDF 239 · Original p. 222

Section of Sueyoshi I pumice-fall beds containing AT and valley-fill deposits

Original Japanese lettering

SW；NE；細粒火山灰；粗粒火山灰；軽石；石質岩片；畑；水蒸気爆発の噴出物；末吉IIステージの降下火山灰；AT；サージ堆積物；1m；都道；二次堆積物

English translation

SW; NE; fine ash; coarse ash; pumice; lithic fragments; cultivated field; ejecta from a phreatic explosion; fallout ash of the Sueyoshi II stage; AT; surge deposits; 1 m; Tokyo road; secondary deposits.

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PDF 241 · Original p. 224

Location map of the Myoko volcanic exposure at Sekigawa

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『赤倉』（高田15号-2）；原町；毛祝坂；関川；611；634；546；585；663；■

English translation

1:25,000 “Akakura” (Takada sheet 15-2); 原町; 毛祝坂; Sekigawa; 611; 634; 546; 585; 663; ■.

毛祝坂等の微小地名 — 読取り暫定、読み不明の地名は日本語で保持。

p241_420.png

PDF 241 · Original p. 224

Section of Myoko pyroclastic-flow and debris-avalanche deposits and DKP

Original Japanese lettering

S；W；N；14m；黒色火山灰土；赤倉火砕流堆積物；田口岩屑なだれ堆積物；関川岩屑なだれ堆積物；Mk-Tt；Mk-Kn；Mk-Sy；シブタミ川火砕流堆積物；褐色火山灰土；DKP；Kh-Od；泥炭質土壌層；深沢火砕流堆積物；泥炭層

English translation

S; W; N; 14 m; black volcanic-ash soil; Akakura pyroclastic-flow deposits; Taguchi debris-avalanche deposits; Sekigawa debris-avalanche deposits; Mk-Tt; Mk-Kn; Mk-Sy; Shibutamigawa pyroclastic-flow deposits; brown volcanic-ash soil; DKP; Kh-Od; peaty soil bed; Fukazawa pyroclastic-flow deposits; peat bed.

p242_421.png

PDF 242 · Original p. 225

Location map of the Taniage terrace roadcuts

Original Japanese lettering

美穂；豊田堰取入口；中深見；所平；598；585；510.3；2.5万分の1『赤沢』（高田7号-1）

English translation

Miho; 豊田堰取入口 [Toyoda weir intake, reading unverified]; 中深見; Tokodaira; 598; 585; 510.3; 1:25,000 “Akazawa” (Takada sheet 7-1).

p242_422.png

PDF 242 · Original p. 225

Distribution of tephra exposures on both sides of the road and marker beds

Original Japanese lettering

約200m；DKP／NG間には炭を含む暗色帯がある；HK下位にクラック帯が発達する；DKP；NG；KT；AY；HK；MG-a；MG-k,l；APm；TN；美穂方面；所平方面；舗装道路；コンクリート擁壁；段丘崖；テフラの名称：DKP：大山倉吉；NG：御岳奈川；AY：妙高相吉；KT：飯縄上樽；HK：黒姫朴ノ木坂；MG：米原軽石層群；APm：大町APmテフラ群；TN：谷上スコリア

English translation

Approximately 200 m; a dark zone containing charcoal occurs between DKP and NG; a cracked zone is developed below HK; DKP; NG; KT; AY; HK; MG-a; MG-k,l; APm; TN; toward Miho; toward Tokodaira; paved road; concrete retaining wall; terrace scarp; tephra names: DKP, Daisen-Kurayoshi; NG, Ontake-Nagawa; AY, Myoko-Aiyoshi (相吉); KT, Iizuna-Kamitaru; HK, Kurohime-Honokizaka (朴ノ木坂); MG, Yonehara pumice-bed group; APm, Omachi APm tephra group; TN, Taniage scoria.

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PDF 243 · Original p. 226

Location map of the Kannoki type exposure of the Nojiri Loam Formation

Original Japanese lettering

図1；神山；大久保池；大；650；673.35；701；714；2.5万分の1『信濃柏原』（高田16号-1）

English translation

Figure 1; Kamiyama; Okubo Pond; 大; 650; 673.35; 701; 714; 1:25,000 “Shinano-Kashiwabara” (Takada sheet 16-1).

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PDF 243 · Original p. 226

Kannoki exposure with the three-piece set, Breccia Zone, and AT horizon

Original Japanese lettering

SE；SW；NW；ヌカI（AT）層準；赤スコ；ブレッチャーゾーン；三点セット（Kh-Od）；1m；図2

English translation

SE; SW; NW; Nuka I (AT) horizon; Aka-suko; Breccia Zone; three-piece set (Kh-Od); 1 m; Figure 2.

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PDF 244 · Original p. 227

Kannoki section showing Nojiri Loam subdivisions and the photographed area

Original Japanese lettering

写真の範囲；10m；5；0；10m；柏原黒色火山灰層；上部；中部；下部III；下部II；下部I；野尻ローム層；神山ローム層；貫ノ木層；池尻川泥流；図3 貫ノ木の露頭スケッチ（野尻湖発掘調査団地質グループ，1975）

English translation

Photograph coverage; 10 m; 5; 0; 10 m; Kashiwabara black ash bed; upper; middle; lower III; lower II; lower I; Nojiri Loam Formation; Kamiyama Loam Formation; Kannoki Formation; Ikejiri River mudflow; Figure 3, sketch of the Kannoki exposure (野尻湖発掘調査団地質グループ, 1975).

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PDF 244 · Original p. 227

Correlation of the Nojiri-ko Formation at Tategahana with cultural horizons in the Nojiri Loam Formation

Original Japanese lettering

地層区分；柱状図；化石・遺物；J列層；上部野尻湖層III，II，I；中部野尻湖層III，II，I；下部野尻湖層III（B，A，下部，最下部），II，I；貫ノ木層；ナウマンゾウ・オオツノシカ化石の産出層準；野尻湖文化；縦長剥片に代表される剥片石器文化；骨器・小形剥片石器を主体とする文化；文化層；文化編年；柏原黒色火山灰層；上部野尻ローム層II（モヤ，上部，下部，最下部），I（黒色帯，上［ヒビワレ］）；中部野尻ローム層II［赤スコ］，I［ニセノミ］［青ヒゲ］；モヤ上部；モヤ上／下；モヤ下部；上II上部上面；上II上部；上II下部；上II最下部；黒色帯上部；黒色帯下部；平安時代以降；弥・縄；縄文文化：晩期，早期；縄文草創期文化；細石器文化；ナイフ形石器文化；図4 立が鼻遺跡と野尻ローム層中の文化層の対比（野尻湖人類考古グループ，1994）

English translation

Stratigraphic subdivisions; columnar section; fossils and artifacts; J-row bed; Upper Nojiri-ko Formation III, II, I; Middle Nojiri-ko Formation III, II, I; Lower Nojiri-ko Formation III (B, A, lower, lowermost), II, I; Kannoki Formation; horizons yielding Naumann elephant and giant deer fossils; Nojiri-ko culture; flake-tool culture represented by elongated flakes; culture dominated by bone implements and small flake tools; cultural horizon; cultural chronology; Kashiwabara black ash bed; Upper Nojiri Loam II (Moya, upper, lower, lowermost), I (black band, upper [Hibiware]); Middle Nojiri Loam II [Aka-suko], I [Nise-nomi] [Ao-hige]; upper Moya; Moya upper/lower; lower Moya; upper surface of upper Upper II; upper Upper II; lower Upper II; lowermost Upper II; upper black band; lower black band; Heian period and later; Yayoi / Jomon; Jomon culture: Late, Initial; Incipient Jomon culture; microblade culture; knife-shaped stone-tool culture; Figure 4, correlation of cultural horizons at Tategahana and in the Nojiri Loam Formation (野尻湖人類考古グループ, 1994).

中部Iの細字ラベル［ニセノミ］［青ヒゲ］ — 画像が小さく読取りは暫定。

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PDF 245 · Original p. 228

Location map of the Yagasaki exposure

Original Japanese lettering

矢ケ崎；御前町；市村堤；943；950；955；2.5万分の1『軽井沢』（長野6号-2）

English translation

Yagasaki; 御前町; 市村堤; 943; 950; 955; 1:25,000 “Karuizawa” (Nagano sheet 6-2).

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PDF 245 · Original p. 228

Columnar section of Asama tephras and cross-section of the Okuwa debris avalanche

Original Japanese lettering

0；5；10；m；A；B；D2；Fo；Sj；YP；OkP-2；OkP-1；雲場軽石流（Kb.Pf）；BP-7；-6；-5；応桑岩屑なだれ（OkAV）；-4；-3；-2；BP-1；MP；AT；基盤；E；W；AH-1；BP-5-7；BP-4；BP-3；BP-2；BP-1；0；8m

English translation

0; 5; 10; m; A; B; D2; Fo; Sj; YP; OkP-2; OkP-1; Kumoba pumice flow (Kb.Pf); BP-7; -6; -5; Okuwa debris avalanche (OkAV); -4; -3; -2; BP-1; MP; AT; basement; E; W; AH-1; BP-5-7; BP-4; BP-3; BP-2; BP-1; 0; 8 m.

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PDF 246 · Original p. 229

Map of the Takatoya-zawa exposure and periglacial debris locality on Ogawayama

Original Japanese lettering

村営牧場；1552；1960；1742；2085；2273；1988；5万分の1『金峰山』（甲府5号）

English translation

Village-operated pasture; 1552; 1960; 1742; 2085; 2273; 1988; 1:50,000 “Kinpusan” (Kofu sheet 5).

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PDF 246 · Original p. 229

Section showing alternating angular gravel and tephra and east-dipping On-Pm1

Original Japanese lettering

E；S；W；0；2；4；6m；0；5；10；15；20；25m；表土；角礫層；AT；盛土；褐色火山灰層；On-Mt；On-Pm1；Yt-Kw

English translation

E; S; W; 0; 2; 4; 6 m; 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 m; topsoil; angular gravel bed; AT; fill; brown volcanic-ash bed; On-Mt; On-Pm1; Yt-Kw.

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PDF 247 · Original p. 230

Map of the exposure east of Osakada Park

Original Japanese lettering

長畝；塩尻町；柿沢；丸山；730；771；781；772；2.5万分の1『塩尻』（高山4号-1）

English translation

長畝; Shiojiri-machi; Kakizawa; Maruyama; 730; 771; 781; 772; 1:25,000 “Shiojiri” (Takayama sheet 4-1).

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PDF 247 · Original p. 230

Overview of On-Pm1 and On-Ng at Osakada

Original Japanese lettering

SW；NW；NE；On-Ng；On-Pm1；塩尻小坂田における御岳起源テフラ

English translation

SW; NW; NE; On-Ng; On-Pm1; Ontake-derived tephras at Osakada, Shiojiri.

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PDF 247 · Original p. 230

Close view of On-Pm1, SoP, On-Kt, and On-Ng

Original Japanese lettering

On-Ng；On-Kt；SoP；On-Pm1；スケールは2m

English translation

On-Ng; On-Kt; SoP; On-Pm1; scale is 2 m.

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PDF 248 · Original p. 231

Map of the Nashinoki exposure and additional On-Pm1 locality

Original Japanese lettering

梨ノ木；善知鳥峠；848.8；800；2.5万分の1『塩尻』（高山4号-1）；2.5万分の1『北小野』（高山4号-2）

English translation

Nashinoki; Uto Pass (善知鳥峠); 848.8; 800; 1:25,000 “Shiojiri” (Takayama sheet 4-1); 1:25,000 “Kita-Ono” (Takayama sheet 4-2).

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PDF 248 · Original p. 231

Section of C1 Crystal Ash and varicolored lapilli overlying the Nashinoki Gravel

Original Japanese lettering

SE；SW；NW；5m；梨ノ木礫層最上部；雑色ラピリ；C1クリスタル・アッシュ

English translation

SE; SW; NW; 5 m; uppermost Nashinoki Gravel; varicolored lapilli; C1 Crystal Ash.

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PDF 249 · Original p. 232

Map of the Rokudobara quarry and Tobu Junior High School exposure

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『伊那』（飯田1号-2）；2.5万分の1『高遠』（甲府13号-4）；六道原；美原区；美篶；上原；下川手；上川手；六道原機場；707；703；724.8

English translation

1:25,000 “Ina” (Iida sheet 1-2); 1:25,000 “Takato” (Kofu sheet 13-4); Rokudobara; Mihara district; Misuzu; Uehara; Shimo-Kawate; Kami-Kawate; 六道原機場 [facility label, reading unverified]; 707; 703; 724.8.

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PDF 249 · Original p. 232

Quarry face with marker tephras from On-Pm1 to K-Ah

Original Japanese lettering

K-Ah；AT；On-Ys；On-Mt；On-Sn；On-Tt；Aso-4；On-In；On-Kt；K-Tz；On-Yb；On-Pm1

English translation

K-Ah; AT; On-Ys; On-Mt; On-Sn; On-Tt; Aso-4; On-In; On-Kt; K-Tz; On-Yb; On-Pm1.

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PDF 250 · Original p. 233

Map of the Nentsuji Fault exposure in the Kegasawa River

Original Japanese lettering

毛賀；駄科；437.9；488.7；2.5万分の1『時又』（飯田4号-3）

English translation

Kega; Dashina; 437.9; 488.7; 1:25,000 “Tokimata” (Iida sheet 4-3).

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PDF 250 · Original p. 233

Exposure of the Nentsuji Fault with granite thrust over gravel

Original Japanese lettering

断層面→；花崗岩；礫層；2m；←毛賀沢川

English translation

Fault surface →; granite; gravel bed; 2 m; ← Kegasawa River.

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PDF 251 · Original p. 234

Map of Kiso River mudflow exposures along the Suekawa

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『木曽西野』（飯田5号-3）；末川；越；木曽カントリー；1158；1150；1100

English translation

1:25,000 “Kiso-Nishino” (Iida sheet 5-3); Suekawa; 越; Kiso Country Club; 1158; 1150; 1100.

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PDF 251 · Original p. 234

Debris-avalanche section showing andesite blocks, clinker block, and matrix

Original Japanese lettering

E；W；5m；河川性礫層・砂層；マトリックス部；安山岩ブロックII（充填されたクラックをもつ緻密な安山岩からなる）；クリンカーブロック（主にスコリアと同質火山砂からなる）；崖錐；安山岩ブロックI（隙間のあかないクラックをもつ安山岩からなる）；末川

English translation

E; W; 5 m; fluvial gravel and sand beds; matrix facies; andesite block II (dense andesite with filled cracks); clinker block (mainly scoria and volcanic sand of the same composition); talus; andesite block I (andesite with cracks that are not open); Suekawa River.

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PDF 252 · Original p. 235

Map of the large right-bank exposure along the Jingugawa

Original Japanese lettering

白州工場；松原；668.8；665.1；695；2.5万分の1『長坂上条』（甲府10号-3）

English translation

Hakushu plant; Matsubara; 668.8; 665.1; 695; 1:25,000 “Nagasaka-Kamijo” (Kofu sheet 10-3).

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PDF 252 · Original p. 235

Geological section showing two buried valleys and tephras along the Jingugawa

Original Japanese lettering

測線1～32；IBV；IIBV；ISG；IISG；IIISG；On-Mt；On-Pm1；縦軸0，10，20，30，40m；横軸0，10，20，30，40，50，100，150，200，250，300，360m；凡例：植被；黒ボク土壌；風成テフラ；水成テフラ；On-Mt（Pm-IV）；On-Pm1（Pm-I）；河成砂礫層；シルト層；巨礫；埋没谷；埋没段丘；測線；埋没土壌

English translation

Survey lines 1–32; IBV; IIBV; ISG; IISG; IIISG; On-Mt; On-Pm1; vertical axes 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 m; horizontal axes 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 360 m; legend: vegetation cover; kuroboku soil; aeolian tephra; water-laid tephra; On-Mt (Pm-IV); On-Pm1 (Pm-I); fluvial sand and gravel; silt bed; boulders; buried valley; buried terrace; survey line; buried soil.

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PDF 253 · Original p. 236

Map of the Shimotsutaki Fault exposures and trench

Original Japanese lettering

下蔦木；国界橋；山口；710.8；758；707.4；698.6；690.3；2.5万分の1『小淵沢』（甲府9号-4）

English translation

Shimotsutaki; Kokkaibashi; Yamaguchi; 710.8; 758; 707.4; 698.6; 690.3; 1:25,000 “Kobuchizawa” (Kofu sheet 9-4).

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PDF 253 · Original p. 236

Natural fault-exposure section and photograph of trench B in 1995

Original Japanese lettering

W；E；VI；0；10m；50m；N40°W，20°W；N24°W，56°W；N20°W，40°W；N42°W，50°W；N60°W，50°S；A；B；C；⑧d；gravel；muddy sand；granite；diorite；vegetation；fault；fractured zone；NE；SW；0；1m；surface；980；1180；5830；8420；1；2；3；a；b

English translation

W; E; VI; 0; 10 m; 50 m; N40°W, 20°W; N24°W, 56°W; N20°W, 40°W; N42°W, 50°W; N60°W, 50°S; A; B; C; ⑧d; gravel; muddy sand; granite; diorite; vegetation; fault; fractured zone; NE; SW; 0; 1 m; surface; 980; 1180; 5830; 8420; 1; 2; 3; a; b.

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PDF 254 · Original p. 237

Map of the debris-avalanche exposure north of Anayama Bridge and hummocks

Original Japanese lettering

2.5万分の1『若神子』（甲府10号-2）；境沢；花ノ久保；穴山橋；韮崎市；上円井；円野町；664.3；479.8；445.8；591

English translation

1:25,000 “Wakamiko” (Kofu sheet 10-2); Sakaizawa; 花ノ久保; Anayama Bridge; Nirasaki City; Kami-Tsuburai; Maruno Town; 664.3; 479.8; 445.8; 591.

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PDF 254 · Original p. 237

Megablock retaining stratified lava layers in the Nirasaki debris avalanche

Original Japanese lettering

N；S；1995年8月撮影

English translation

N; S; photographed in August 1995.

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PDF 255 · Original p. 238

Location map of the flexure exposure at Fuefuki Service Area

Original Japanese lettering

上曽根；塚原；小林；坊；境川；4268.8［判読不明の一部を含む］；317.6；自転車競技場；2.5万分の1『甲府』（甲府7号-3）

English translation

Kami-Sone; Tsukahara; Kobayashi; 坊; Sakaigawa; 4268.8 [partly illegible]; 317.6; cycling track; 1:25,000 “Kofu” (Kofu sheet 7-3).

4268.8 — 地名と標高が重なるため確定不能。

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PDF 255 · Original p. 238

Flexural section of alluvial-fan and lacustrine deposits and Nirasaki debris-avalanche deposits

Original Japanese lettering

m；350；300；317.4；54°；47°；45°；25°；Ca 300m；1～9；TS；SG1；SG2；SG3；SG4；SG5；SG6；SG7；L；N；A1Pm；S1；S2；S3；S4；UC1；UC2；UC3；UC4。凡例説明は本文に保持。

English translation

m; 350; 300; 317.4; 54°; 47°; 45°; 25°; ca. 300 m; 1–9; TS; SG1; SG2; SG3; SG4; SG5; SG6; SG7; L; N; A1Pm; S1; S2; S3; S4; UC1; UC2; UC3; UC4. Legend definitions are retained in the main text.

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PDF 256 · Original p. 239

Otsuki site stratigraphic column, artifact horizons, and location map, with prose fragment

Original Japanese lettering

層厚・層相・遺物など肉眼的諸特徴・標準テフラ番号